The Black book of invasive alien plants in Central Russia
Russian scientists have produced a black book of invasive alien plants representing an environmental problem in Central Russia. This book describes 52 invasive alien plants that are widespread in Central Russia and considered as the most aggressive species, and 48 invasive alien plants that are still of limited distribution. Information on the distribution of these species, estimations of economic impacts, control methods, etc. is provided. Data was retrieved from herbarium and the literature. Distribution maps with the first years of reporting of the species in Central Russia are also produced.
The 52 invasive alien plants already widespread are the following:
Acer negundo (Sapindaceae), Acorus calamus (Acoraceae), Amaranthus albus (Amaranthaceae), Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae, EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants), Amelanchier spicata (Rosaceae, EPPO List of IAP), Amelanchier alnifolia (Rosaceae), Anisantha tectorum (Poaceae), Aster x salignus (Asteraceae), Atriplex tatarica (Amaranthaceae), Bidens frondosa (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP), Cardaria draba (Brassicaceae), Conyza canadensis (Asteraceae), Crataegus monogyna (Rosaceae), Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Asteraceae), Echinocystis lobata (Cucurbitaceae), Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnaceae), Elodea canadensis (Hydrocharitaceae), Epilobium adenocaulon (Onagraceae), Epilobium pseudorubescens (Onagraceae), Elsholtzia ciliata (Lamiaceae), Erigeron annuus (Asteraceae), Erucastrum gallicum (Brassicaceae), Euphorbia peplus (Euphorbiaceae), Festuca trachyphylla (Poaceae), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Oleaceae), Galinsoga ciliata (Asteraceae), Galinsoga parviflora (Asteraceae), Helianthus tuberosus (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP), Heracleum sosnowskyi (Apiaceae, EPPO A2 List), Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae), Hordeum jubatum (Poaceae), Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae, EPPO List of IAP), Impatiens parviflora (Balsaminaceae), Juncus tenuis (Juncaceae), Lepidium densiflorum (Brassicaceae), Lupinus polyphyllus (Fabaceae, EPPO List of IAP), Matricaria discoidea (Asteraceae), Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae), Oxalis stricta (Oxalidaceae), Poa supina (Poaceae), Populus alba (Salicaceae), Puccinellia distans (Poaceae), Reynoutria x bohemica (Polygonaceae, EPPO List of IAP), Reynoutria japonica (Polygonaceae, EPPO List of IAP), Sisymbrium volgense (Brassicaceae), Senecio viscosus (Asteraceae), Sorbaria sorbifolia (Rosaceae), Solidago canadensis (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP), Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae, EPPO List of IAP), Symphytum caucasicum (Boraginaceae), Xanthium albinum (Asteraceae).
The 48 alien plants considered as invasive which are still of limited distribution in Central Russia are the following:
Acer ginnala (Sapindaceae), Adenocaulon adhaerescens (Asteraceae), Amaranthus blitoides (Amaranthaceae), Ambrosia trifida (Asteraceae), Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae, EPPO List of IAP), Aronia x mitchurinii (Rosaceae), Arrhenatherum elatius (Poaceae), Artemisia dubia (Asteraceae), Artemisia siversiana (Asteraceae), Asclepias syriaca (Apocynaceae), Aster novi-belgii (Asteraceae), Bellis perennis (Asteraceae), Brunnera sibirica (Boraginaceae), Calystegia sepium subsp. americanum (Convolvulaceae), Caragana arborescens (Fabaceae), Corispermum declinatum (Chenopodiaceae), Cornus alba (Cornaceae), Cotoneaster lucidus (Rosaceae), Cuscuta campestris (Convolvulaceae), Erigeron droebachensis (Asteraceae), Gaillardia aristata (Asteraceae), Galega orientalis (Fabaceae), Geum macrophyllum (Rosaceae), Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae), Kochia scoparia (Amaranthaceae), Lemna minuta (Araceae), Lonicera tatarica (Caprifoliaceae), Oenothera rubricaulis (Onagraceae), Parthenocissus inserta (Vitaceae), Persicaria weyrichii (Polygonaceae), Petasites hybridus (Asteraceae), Physocarpus opulifolius (Rosaceae), Prunus virginiana (Rosaceae), Quercus rubra (Fagaceae), Ribes aureum (Grossulariaceae), Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae), Rosa rugosa (Rosaceae), Rudbeckia hirta (Asteraceae), Salsola tragus (Amaranthaceae), Sambucus racemosa (Adoxaceae), Symphytum x uplandicum (Boraginaceae), Telekia speciosa (Asteraceae), Thladiantha dubia (Cucurbitaceae), Ulmus pumila (Ulmaceae), Veronica filiformis (Plantaginaceae), Veronica persica (Plantaginaceae), Vinca minor (Apocynaceae), Zizania latifolia (Poaceae).
Sources
Vinogradova Yu K, Maiorov S R, Khorun L V (2010) Black book of the flora of Central Russia: alien plant species in Central Russian ecosystems. GEOS Moscow (RU). 512 p.
Website: www.bookblack.ru