Pelargonium zonate spot virus: an emerging disease on tomatoes?
Pelargonium zonate spot virus (Anulavirus, PZSV) was originally isolated from Pelargonium zonale plants in Italy showing concentric chrome yellow bands on leaves. In the 1980s, PZSV was also found to be the causal agent of a disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Southern Italy. In addition to tomato, natural infections of PZSV have been observed in artichoke (Cynara cardunculus), capsicum (Capsicum annuum), kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis), Chrysanthemum coronarium, and weeds (e.g. Capsella bursa-pastoris, Diplotaxis erucoides, Picris echoides, Sonchus oleaceus). On tomato, symptoms of PZSV on leaves and fruits are characterized by line patterns, chlorotic and necrotic rings, together with plant stunting, leaf malformation and poor fruit set, which often result in plant death as infected cells show severe cytopathological alterations. PZSV can be transmitted by mechanical inoculation and grafting. Recent studies have shown that it was also transmitted via tomato seed and pollen. It has also been suggested that thrips could also transport infected pollen grains and contribute to disease spread. Following the initial records in Southern Italy, PZSV was also reported from tomato crops in Spain (1996), Southeastern France (2000), USA (California, 2006), and Israel (2007). Although data is lacking on the impact of PZSV in tomato crops, it seems that this virus is emerging around the Mediterranean Basin.
Its currently known geographical distribution is as follows:
EPPO region: France (detected in 2000 in samples from Bouches-du-Rhône and Vaucluse), Italy (Campania, Emilia-Romagna (on kiwi), Puglia), Israel (detected in 2007 in the Lachish area), Spain (detected in 1996 and 2006 in Aragon).
North America: USA (detected in 2006 in California).
Sources
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INTERNET
Lapidot M (2013) Pelargonium zonate spot virus is transmitted via seed and pollen in tomato. Presentation made at the Tomato Breeder’s Round Table 2013-02-06/08, Chiang Mai, Thailand. http://tgc.ifas.ufl.edu/2013/2013/08
Lapidot M (2013) Pelargonium zonate spot virus is transmitted via seed and pollen in tomato. Presentation made at the Tomato Breeder’s Round Table 2013-02-06/08, Chiang Mai, Thailand. http://tgc.ifas.ufl.edu/2013/2013/08
Lapidot M, Guenoune-Gelbart D, Leibman D, Holdengreber V, Davidovitz M, Machbash Z, Klieman-Shoval S, Cohen S, Gal-On A (2010) Pelargonium zonate spot virus is transmitted vertically via seed and pollen in tomato. Phytopathology 100, 798-804.
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