Details on EPPO quarantine nematodes in Japan
A paper on the major plant parasitic nematodes in Japan has recently been published, and the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following details concerning nematodes on the EPPO lists.
Aphelenchoides besseyi (EPPO A2 quarantine pest)
This was first found in Japan in 1940 causing white-tip disease on rice. A devastating outbreak was reported around 1970 on rice throughout the country. Seed treatments are used to control the pest. This confirms earlier reports of A. besseyi in Japan.
Ditylenchus destructor (EU Annexes)
In Japan, Ditylenchus destructor causes problems essentially on iris and garlic crops. It was first found in 1975 in affected iris fields in Niigata Prefecture, Honshu. It was suspected to have been introduced on infected bulbs from the Netherlands. In autumn 1984, a severe outbreak were reported on garlic in Aomori Prefecture, Honshu. Despite control measures, this nematode is gradually spreading.
Heterodera glycines (EPPO A1 quarantine pest)
This nematode mainly occurs in the north-eastern areas of Japan, especially in regions with volcanic ash soils. It main hosts are soybean (Glycine max), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and adzuki beans (P. angularis). In Japan, races 1, 3 and 5 have been found (3 being the dominant race). Three to four generations per year are observed.
Globodera rostochiensis (EPPO A2 quarantine pest)
This was detected for the first time in Makkari, Hokkaido in 1972. It was suspected to have been introduced from Peru on guano. G. rostochiensis is spreading on Hokkaido, and in 1992 it was also detected in Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu. The main pathotype occurring in Japan is Ro1. One generation per year is observed in Hokkaido and two in Kyushu.
It is stressed that, so far, Globodera pallida (EPPO A2 quarantine pest) has not been found in Japan.
Sources
Nishizawa, T. (1999) Major plant-parasitic nematodes and their control in Japan.
Agrochemicals Japan, no. 74, 2-9.