Phytosanitary controls on fruit flies in France
Since 1993, the French Plant Protection Service has made a large number of interceptions of fruits infested by fruit flies of quarantine importance. Although, these have been regularly reported by EPPO in the Reporting Service, it was felt useful to give the conclusions of four years of work. Most of these interceptions have been made at the two airports of Paris and at the national market of Rungis (Ile de France region), mainly on consignments of citrus and tropical fruits from various origins and generally on small quantities. Species were identified by the entomological laboratory of the Regional Plant Protection Service of Poitou-Charentes. The interceptions made during 1995 and the first 8 months of 1996 are given in the table below. Details are not given for 1993 and 1994, but the authors mentioned three interceptions corresponding to pathways which do not appear in the table: mangoes from Guinea (Ceratitis), guavas from Philippines (Bactrocera) and Citrus paradisi from Mexico (Anastrepha). Interceptions made during these four years have revealed the existence of pathways for the introduction of non-European Tephritidae on citrus and tropical fruits into Europe. So far, no interception has been made on temperate fruits. It is also pointed out that the list of fruit species intercepted is wider than the one appearing in the EU Annex V, since Cucurbitaceae such as Luffa aegyptiaca and Trichosanthes cucumerina can be infested by cucurbit specific species such as Bactrocera cucurbitae and Dacus ciliatus. The authors felt that special attention should be given to fruits of Cucurbitaceae during inspections (and Solanaceae, though there were in fact no interceptions on these during the survey). They also noted that the introduction of Rhagoletis species on fruits of Malus, Pyrus, Prunus and Ribes appears unlikely for the moment, as these fruits are imported out of season from South America and South Africa where Rhagoletis spp. have not been reported. But imports of blueberries and cranberries from North America where R. mendax is present must be carefully checked. These phytosanitary checks will continue in 1997 and it is also planned to install traps in the airports and the Rungis market.
Interceptions made in 1995 and 1996 (first 8 months of the year) in Ile de France (Bayart et al., 1997)
|
Fruit species
|
Country of origin
|
nb of
interceptions
|
Tephritidae
|
|
Annona squamosa
|
Vietnam
|
1
|
Bactrocera sp.
|
|
|
Thailand
|
4
|
Bactrocera sp.
|
|
Citrus nobilis
|
Australia
|
2
|
Bactrocera sp.
|
|
Diospyros kaki
|
Brazil
|
1
|
Anastrepha sp.
|
|
Luffa aegyptiaca
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
1
|
Dacus ciliatus
|
|
Mangifera indica
|
Cameroon
|
5
|
Ceratitis sp. (probably C. anonae)
|
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
1
|
Ceratitis sp.
|
|
|
Egypt
|
1
|
Ceratitis (probably C. capitata)
|
|
|
India
|
1
|
Tephritidae
|
|
|
Indonesia
|
1
|
Bactrocera sp.
|
|
|
Kenya
|
3
|
Ceratitis cosyra
|
|
|
|
2
|
Ceratitis rosa
|
|
|
|
2
|
Ceratitis sp.
|
|
|
|
1
|
Tephritidae
|
|
|
Mali
|
9
|
Ceratitis sp. (probably C. cosyra or C. rosa)
|
|
|
Mauritius
|
2
|
Bactrocera zonata
|
|
|
|
1
|
Ceratitis capitata
|
|
|
|
1
|
Ceratitis rosa
|
|
|
Senegal
|
1
|
Ceratitis cosyra
|
|
|
|
2
|
Ceratitis sp
|
|
|
Thailand
|
2
|
Bactrocera dorsalis complex
|
|
|
|
2
|
Bactrocera sp.
|
|
|
Venezuela
|
1
|
Ceratitis sp. (probably C. capitata)
|
|
Psidium spp.
|
Brazil
|
3
|
Anastrepha sp.
|
|
|
Egypt
|
1
|
Ceratitis capitata
|
|
|
India
|
1
|
Tephritidae
|
|
|
Indonesia
|
1
|
Bactrocera sp.
|
|
|
Thailand
|
2
|
Bactrocera correcta
|
|
|
|
1
|
Bactrocera sp.
|
|
|
Vietnam
|
3
|
Bactrocera sp.
|
|
Syzygium spp.
|
Vietnam
|
1
|
Bactrocera dorsalis complex
|
|
Trichosanthes cucumerina
|
Mauritius
|
5
|
Bactrocera cucurbitae
|
|
|
|
1
|
Bactrocera (probably B. cucurbitae)
|
|
|
|
2
|
Dacus ciliatus
|
|
|
|
1
|
Dacus (probably D. ciliatus)
|
|
Fruit non found
|
Thailand
|
1
|
Bactrocera latifrons
|
Sources
Bayart, J.D.; Phalip, M.; Lemonnier, R.; Gueudré, F. (1997) Mouches des fruits. Bilan de quatre années de contrôle des fruits à l'importation en Ile de France.
Phytoma - La Défense des Végétaux, n° 490, 20-25