New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By searching through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included (or formerly included) on the EPPO Alert List, and indicated in bold the situation of the pest concerned using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
- New records
During studies conducted in Croatia in June 2014, the presence of Little cherry virus 2 (Ampelovirus, LChV-2 – EU Annexes) was detected in 6 sour cherry trees (Prunus cerasus var. marasca). During the 2015 harvest period, some the LChV-2 infected trees showed the characteristic symptoms of uneven ripening. This is the first time that LChV-2 is reported from Croatia (Vončina et al., 2016). Present, few occurrences.
In Montenegro, Potato spindle tuber viroid (Pospiviroid, PSTVd – EPPO A2 List) has been detected in 4 asymptomatic samples of solanaceous ornamentals (3 samples of Solanum jasminoides and 1 of Brugmansia sp.). These samples had been collected in the municipality of Kotor during summer 2015. This is the first time that PSTVd is reported from Montenegro (Luigi et al., 2016). Present, few occurrences.
- Detailed records
In Poland, Dothistroma septosporum (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella pini – EU Annexes) was first recorded in a single location (Domiarki, Southern Poland) on Pinus nigra in 1990. Recent studies showed that the fungus has expanded its geographical distribution as D. septosporum was detected in 37 new locations, mainly in the southern part of the country but also extending to the northernmost regions. The disease severity varied significantly between locations. D. septosporum was detected in 3 new hosts for Poland: P. sylvestris, P. mugo and P. ponderosa. Finally, it is noted that the other fungus associated with dothistroma needle blight, D. pini, was not detected during this study (Boroń et al., 2016).
In Russia, Heterodera glycines (EPPO A2 List) occurs in the Far East, in Amur and Primorye. In the Amur region, it is estimated that the infested area is covering more than 73 000 ha with a soybean yield reduction reaching up to 33% (Sudarikova and Khudyakova, 2016).
- Eradication
In April 2016, the NPPO of Lithuania declared the eradication of Ditylenchus destructor (EU Annexes) and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (EPPO A2 List) from its territory. In addition, official surveys conducted in 2015 did not detect Puccinia horiana (EPPO A2 List) (NPPO, 2016).
- Diagnostics
Lyctus brunneus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a wood-boring insect which is often intercepted in traded wood and wood products. New LAMP and nested-PCR tests have been developed to identify the pest by using the frass which can easily be recovered in infested wood or its immediate vicinity (Ide et al., 2016).
- New host plants
In July 2015, fig trees (Ficus carica) showing wilting symptoms were observed in Minhou county (Fujian province) in China. Studies showed that the causal agent was Ralstonia solanacearum (EPPO A2 List). According to the authors, this is the first time that R. solanacearum is found in fig trees in China (Jiang et al., 2016).
- New pests
A new nematode species, Bursaphelenchus saudi n. sp. has recently been described from Pinus wood packaging material imported into China from Saudi Arabia (Gu et al., 2016).
A new nematode species, Paratylenchus guangzhouensis n. sp. has recently been described. It was collected from soil associated with Bambusa multiplex in a forest park in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China (Wang et al., 2016).
In Japan, a disease of rose has been observed in Chiba prefecture since 1968. The pathogen was initially identified as Phytophthora megasperma based on morphological characteristics. Similar Phytophthora isolates were then recovered from roses in Chiba, Kanagawa and Shizuoka prefectures. Further studies (morphology, phylogenetic) showed that this rose disease is associated with a new species called Phytophthora nagaii sp. nov. During these studies, another new Phytophthora species was recovered from crowns of strawberry plants showing crown rot in Hokkaido prefecture and called Phytophthora fragariaefolia sp. nov. (Rahman et al., 2014).
Sources
Boroń P, Lenart-Boroń A, Mullett M (2016) The distribution of Dothistroma septosporum and its mating types in Poland. Forest Pathology. doi:10.1111/efp.12262
Gu J, Maria M, Fang M, He J, Braasch H, Li H (2016) Bursaphelenchus saudi n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in packaging wood from Saudi Arabia. Nematology 18(4), 475-488 (abst.). Via PestLens.
Ide T, Kanzaki N, Ohmura W, Okabe K (2016) Molecular identification of an invasive wood-boring insect Lyctus brunneus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae: Lyctinae) using frass by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and nested PCR assays. Journal of Economic Entomology 109(3), 1410-1414.
Jiang Y, Li B, Liao F, Weng Q, Chen Q (2016) First report of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on fig trees in China. Forest Pathology 46, 256–258. DOI: 10.1111/efp.12267
Luigi M, Zindovic J, Stojanovic I, Faggioli F (2016) First report of Potato spindle tuber viroid in Montenegro. Journal of Plant Pathology 98(1), p 184.
NPPO of Lithuania (2016-04).
Rahman MZ, Uematsu S, Takeuchi T, Shiria K, Ishiguro Y, Suga H, Kageyama K (2014) Two new species, Phytophthora nagaii sp. nov. and P. fragariaefolia sp. nov., causing serious diseases on rose and strawberry plants, respectively, in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology 80(4), 348-365.
Sudarikova SV, Khudyakova EA (2016) Dangerous pest of soybean - soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Plant Health. Research and Practice 1(15), 43-47.
Vončina D, Šimon S, Ražov J, Leong L (2016) First report of Little cherry virus 2 on Prunus cerasus var. Marasca in Croatia. Journal of Plant Pathology 98(1), p 178.
Wang K, Li Y, Xie H, Xu CL, Wu WJ (2016) Morphology and molecular analysis of Paratylenchus guangzhouensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from the soil associated with Bambusa multiplex in China. European Journal of Plant Pathology 145(2), 145-255.