Invasive alien plants in Russia
Data on the distribution and abundance of invasive alien plant species in Russia is primarily published in grey literature in the Russian language. To compile an inventory of invasive alien plants for the Russian territory, local experts and regional contributors provided lists of invasive plants for 45 regions of Russia which accounts for 83% of the territory of Russia. The invasive flora for the 45 Russian regions included 354 species. In the European part of Russia, there are 277 invasive alien plants in total, in Siberia 70 and in the Russian Far East there are 79 invasive alien plants. The most widespread species included Acer negundo and Echinocystis lobata (recorded in 34 regions): see table 1 for a list of the most represented species. The majority of species (228) had a limited distribution, occurring in only one region. The 354 species belong to 65 families and 221 genera. The greatest number of invasive plants belong to the family Asteraceae (62 species), Poaceae (40) and Rosaceae (35). Most of the invasive plants originate from other parts of Asia and Europe. Regression tree analysis showed that climatic factors (average annual temperature and precipitation during the dry season), human population, and in particular urban population were highly important factors for shaping the richness of invasive flora in a region.
Table 1. The invasive alien plants most represented in the flora of Russia.
Species | No. regions | EPPO Listing | Family | Native range | Occurrence in the EPPO region |
Acer negundo | 34 | Sapindaceae | N America | AT, BG, CH, CZ, ES, FR, GB, HU, IT, PL, RU, SE, SK, UA | |
Acorus calamus | 34 | Acoraceae | Asia | RU | |
Amaranthus retroflexus | 30 | Amaranthaceae | N America | AT, BE, BG, CZ, DK, EE, FI, FR, DE, LV, LT, NL, NO, PL, RU, SE, UA | |
Amelanchier spicata | 30 | Invasive Alien Plants | Rosaceae | N America | AT, BE, BG, CZ, DK, EE, FR, DE, LV, LT, NL, NO, PL, RU, SE, UA |
Aronia mitschurinii | 24 | Rosaceae | hybrid | RU | |
Bidens frondosa | 23 | Observation List | Asteraceae | N America | AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, EE, ES, FR, GB, HR, HU, IT, NL, NO, PT, PL, RU, SI, UA |
Echinochloa crus-galli | 23 | Poaceae | Africa, Asia, Europe | Widespread | |
Echinocystis lobata | 21 | Cucurbitaceae | N America | BG, CZ, DE, EE, RU, HU, IT, LV, LT, PL, RO, UA | |
Elaeagnus rhamnoides | 21 | Elaeagnaceae | Asia | RU | |
Elodea canadensis | 20 | Hydrocharitaceae | N America | Widespread | |
Epilobium ciliatum | 19 | Onagraceae | Americas, Asia | Widespread | |
Epilobium pseudorubescens | 18 | Onagraceae | Asia | BY, RU | |
Erigeron annuus | 18 | Asteraceae | N America | BY, CH, CO, CZ, BE, EE, HU, IT, LT, ME, NL, PL, RO, RU, SK, SI, SE, UA | |
Erigeron canadensis | 17 | Asteraceae | N America | Widespread | |
Fraxinus pennsylvanica | 17 | Oleaceae | N America | ES, RU | |
Helianthus tuberosus | 17 | Invasive Alien Plants | Asteraceae | N America | Widespread |
Heracleum sosnowskyi | 16 | A2 List | Apiaceae | Asia | AM, AZ, BY, EE, FL, DE, HU, LV, LT, PO, RU, RS, UA |
Hordeum jubatum | 16 | Poaceae | Asia | Widespread | |
Impatiens glandulifera | 14 | Invasive Alien Plants | Balsaminaceae | Asia | Widespread |
Impatiens parviflora | 14 | Balsaminaceae | Asia | Widespread | |
Juncus tenuis | 14 | Juncaceae | Americas | RU | |
Lepidium densiflorum | 13 | Brassicaceae | N America | BY, BE, CH, CZ, DE, EE, FL, GB, HU, IT, LV, LT, MD, NL, NO, PL, RO, RU, SL, SE | |
Lupinus polyphyllus | 13 | Observation List | Fabaceae | N America | Widespread |
Matricaria discoidea | 13 | Asteraceae | Asia | Widespread | |
Oenothera biennis | 13 | Onagraceae | N America | AT, DE, FR, HU, IT, LV, PO, RU | |
Oenothera rubricaulis | 13 | Onagraceae | N America | BY, BE, CZ, EE, ES, FL, HU, LV, LT, RU, SE, UA | |
Parthenocissus inserta | 12 | Vitaceae | N America | BE, CZ, ES, FR, GB, FR, DE, GR, HU, IT, LV, NL, PO, PT, RO, RU, SL, UA | |
Sambucus racemosa | 12 | Adoxaceae | N America | BE, EE, GB, FL, IR, LV, LT, NO, SE, RU | |
Saponaria officinalis | 12 | Caryophyllaceae | Asia | BE, BG, CZ, DK, EE, GB, IR, LV, NO, SE, RU, UA | |
Solidago canadensis | 11 | Invasive Alien Plants | Asteraceae | N America | Widespread |
Solidago gigantea | 11 | Invasive Alien Plants | Asteraceae | N America | Widespread |
Symphyotrichum salignum | 10 | Asteraceae | hybrid | Widespread | |
Ulmus pumila | 10 | Ulmaceae | Asia | LV, RU | |
Xanthium albinum | 10 | Asteraceae | N America | BE, ES, FR, IT, PT, RO, SL |
Sources
Vinogradova Y, Pergl J, Essl F, Hejda M, van Kleunen, Pyšek P (2018) Invasive alien plants of Russia: insights from regional inventories. Biological Invasions, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1686-3