Impatiens glandulifera in forest habitats
Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae: EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants) is an invasive, annual species native to the Western Himalayas. It was originally introduced into the EPPO region as a garden ornamental and has spread throughout Europe. Over the last 20 years the spread of I. glandulifera into forest habitats has accelerated, and this may be facilitated by (1) high propagule pressure from widespread riparian populations, (2) extensive anthropogenic and natural disturbances in forest ecosystems, (3) increased use of forest machinery that can spread seeds and (4) the wide environmental tolerance of the species. The impacts of I. glandulifera in forest habitats can include negative impacts on native plant species diversity and mycorrhizal fungi. I. glandulifera may also negatively impact growth of tree saplings planted in the forests. The authors suggest measures to prevent further spread of I. glandulifera into forests, including reducing soil disturbances and limiting the transport of soil contaminated with seeds. They also suggest that forest practices such as logging should be conducted before the seeds of I. glandulifera are released to minimise additional spread.
Sources
Čuda J, Skálova H, Pyšek P (2020) Spread of Impatiens glandulifera from riparian habitats to forests and its associated impacts: insights from a new invasion. Weed Research 60, 8-15.