New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By searching through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included (or formerly included) on the EPPO Alert List, and indicated in bold the situation of the pest concerned using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
- New records
Corythauma ayyari (Heteroptera: Tingidae – jasmine lace bug) is reported for the first time from Egypt. In June 2017, a first specimen was photographed in Cairo on Jasminum sambac (van der Heyden, 2020a).
Eutypella parasitica (formerly EPPO Alert List) is reported for the first time from Italy. Disease symptoms were first observed in autumn 2016 on Acer campestre trees (approximately 30-year-old) in a mixed ash-maple seminatural forest in Northeastern Italy. Authors concluded that E. parasitica represents a serious threat to maple ecosystems in the Alpine region (Jurc et al., 2020).
Grapevine Pinot gris virus (Trichovirus, GPGV) is reported for the first time from Armenia. During a survey conducted in 2018 near Yerevan and Merzddavan, GPGV was detected in several grapevine cultivars (Ararati, Arevabuyr, Eraskheni, Garan Dmak, Itsaptuk, Mskhali). Preliminary results showed a high prevalence of GPGV (approximately 35%) in studied vineyards (Eichmeier et al., 2020).
Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is reported for the first time from Guatemala. Pictures of an adult specimen in the city of Antigua Guatemala (Department of Sacatepéquez) were posted in December 2019 on an online database (van der Heyden, 2020b).
Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is reported for the first time from Finland. A specimen was photographed in November 2018 near Turku. Another specimen was found in Kotka in October 2019. Prior to these findings, an article had been published in a newspaper in 2017 about a live specimen of L. occidentalis found alive under the engine hood of a car (van der Heyden, 2020c).
Lettuce chlorosis virus (Crinivirus, LCV - formerly EPPO Alert List) is reported for the first time from Brazil. In 2018, symptoms of mosaic and leaf malformation were observed on Catharanthus roseus plants in a residential garden in Piracicaba, São Paulo. The presence of LCV was revealed by High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) (Favara et al., 2020).
Melanagromyza sojae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) was first reported from Turkey in 2018, damaging soybean crops (Glycine max) in the province of Adana (Özgür et al., 2020). Present.
Tomato chlorosis virus (Crinivirus, ToCV - EPPO A2 List) is first reported from Kenya. Symptomatic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves were collected in September 2017 from 4 regions and ToCV was detected by RT-PCR in samples from two regions (Kiambu and Kirinyaga) (Kimathi et al., 2020). Present.
Tomato chlorosis virus (Crinivirus, ToCV - EPPO A2 List) is first reported from Pakistan. In March 2019, a survey of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was conducted in the Multan district (Punjab). ToCV was detected in 27 out of the 30 samples taken from symptomatic plants. Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) was not detected. The authors note that ToCV and its vector Bemisia tabaci are widespread in tomato crops in this region (Raza et al., 2020). Present.
- Detailed records
Grapevine red blotch virus (Grablovirus, GRBV – EPPO Alert List) was detected on symptomatic grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in Tennessee (US) during surveys conducted in 2016-2017. Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, all listed in EU Annexes) were also detected (Soltani et al., 2020).
Xylotrechus chinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, EPPO Alert List) was first recorded in Greece in Crete in 2017 (RS 2018/156). The pest is now also present in the mainland. In February 2020, the municipality of Athens reported that 1300 Morus trees in the city were found to be infested by X. chinensis and more than 300 had died. Highly infested trees will be cut down (Ekathimerini, 2020).
During surveys conducted in 2016, the presence of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (Begomovirus, ToLCNDV – EPPO Alert List) was detected in five eggplant (Solanum melongena) plants of cultivar Violetta di Napoli that showed yellowing and light curling of the apical leaves in Campania region, Italy. A few Bemisia tabaci individuals (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae - EPPO A2 List) were noticed associated with the crop.
- Host plants
Beet curly top virus (Curtovirus, BCTV – EU Annexes) has been detected in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) in Colorado (US). Affected plants showed stunted growth and leaf yellowing (Giladi et al., 2020).
Tomato chlorosis virus (Crinivirus, ToCV - EPPO A2 List) was first detected on cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Plants exhibiting chlorosis and mottling symptoms on young leaves were found in a commercial greenhouse, in State of São Paulo, Brazil, in February 2019 (Bello et al., 2020).
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (Begomovirus- EPPO Alert List) has been detected in Crossandra infundibuliformis (Acanthaceae) in Tamil Nadu, India. Infected plants showed symptoms of leaf yellowing, mottling, curling, and distortion, as well as stunted growth and flower abortion (Deepan Sundararaj et al., 2020).
Meloidogyne enterolobii (EPPO A2 List) was found infesting Elaeocarpus decipiens (Elaeocarpaceae) in Florida (US) (Moore et al., 2020).
In China, during a survey carried out in July 2019 in stone fruit orchards in Wuhan (Hubei province), Monilinia fructicola (EPPO A2 List) was detected in Prunus mume (Yin et al., 2020).
- Taxonomy
Following studies on the genetic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense isolates (Panama disease of banana) from Indonesia, new species of Fusarium have been described: Fusarium cugenangense, F. duoseptatum, F. grosmichelii, F. hexaseptatum, F. kalimantanense, F. odoratissimum, F. phialophorum, F. purpurascens, F. sangayamense, F. tardichlamydosporum, F. tardicrescens. In particular, it is proposed that F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical race 4 (TR4) should now be considered as a distinct species called Fusarium odoratissimum sp. nov. (Maryani et al., 2019).
EPPO note: A distribution map of F. odoratissimum is now available from the EPPO Global Database: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/FUSAC4/distribution
The taxonomy of the genus Neocosmospora (Fusarium solani species complex) has been revised. Several Fusarium species have consequently been transferred to the genus Neocosmospora. This is the case of Fusarium euwallaceae (EPPO A2 List) for which the valid name is now Neocosmospora euwallaceae (Sandoval-Denis et al., 2019).
Sources
Bello VH, Gorayeb ES, Watanabe LFM, De Marchi BR, Ribeiro-Junior MR, Vicentin E, da Silva FB, Krause-Sakate R (2020) First report of Tomato chlorosis virus infecting cucumber in Brazil. Plant Disease 104(2), p 603. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1490-PDN
Deepan Sundararaj, Michael Immanuel Jesse Denison, Dharanivasan Gunasekaran, Mohammed Riyaz Savas Uma, Raja Muthuramalingam Thangavelu, Krishnan Kathiravan (2020) First report of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infecting Crossandra infundibuliformis in India. Plant Disease 104(3), p 999. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1764-PDN
Eichmeier A, Penazova E, Nebish A (2020) First report of grapevine Pinot gris virus on grapevines in Armenia. Plant Disease 104(3), p 1000. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1944-PDN
Favara GM, Camelo-Garcia VM, Spadotti DMA, Silva JMF, Nagata T, Kitajima EW, Rezende JAM (2020) First report of Lettuce chlorosis virus infecting periwinkle in Brazil. Plant Disease 104(4), p 1263. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1789-PDN
Giladi Y, Hadad L, Luria N, Cranshaw W, Lachman O, Dombrovsky A (2020) First report of beet curly top virus infecting Cannabis sativa in Western Colorado. Plant Disease 104(3), p 999. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1656-PDN
Jurc D, Piškur B, Ogris N, Brglez A, Linaldeddu BT, Bregant C, Montecchio L (2020) First report of Eutypella canker caused by Eutypella parasitica on Acer campestre in Italy. Plant Disease 104(4), p 1257. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1631-PDN
INTERNET
Ekathimerini (2020-02-12) Wood borer insect threatens Athens' mulberry trees, says municipality. http://www.ekathimerini.com/249449
Kimathi RH, Wilisiani F, Mashiko T, Neriya Y, Miinda AE, Nishigawa H, Natsuaki T (2020) First report of Tomato chlorosis virus infecting tomato in Kenya. Scientific African 7, 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00286
Maryani N, Lombard L, Poerba YS, Subandiyah S, Crous PW, Kema GHJ (2019) Phylogeny and genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in the Indonesian centre of origin. Studies in Mycology 92, 155-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.003
Moore MR, Brito JA, Qiu S, Roberts CG, Combee LA (2020) First report of Meloidogyne enterolobii infecting Japanese blue berry tree (Elaeocarpus decipiens) in Florida, USA. Journal of Nematology 52, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-005
Özgür O, Bademci M, Büyüköztürk HD (2020) A new pest on soybean in Turkey: Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner (Diptera: Agromyzidae). EPPO Bulletin 50(1), 186-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12637
Parrella G, Troiano E, Lee S, Kil EJ (2020) Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus found associated with eggplant yellowing disease in Italy. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2635-PDN
Raza A, Shakeel MT, Umar U, Tahir MN, Hassan AA, Katis N, Wang X (2020) First report of tomato chlorosis virus infecting tomato in Pakistan. Plant Disease. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2732-PDN
Sandoval-Denis M, Lombard L, Crous PW (2019) Back to the roots: a reappraisal of Neocosmospora. Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 43, 90-185. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.43.04
Soltani N, Hu R, Hensley DD, Lockwood DL, Perry KL, Hajimorad MR (2020) A survey for nine major viruses of grapevines in Tennessee vineyards. Plant Health Progress 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-03-20-0018-RS
van der Heyden T (2020a) First record of Corythauma ayyari (Drake, 1933) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) in Egypt. Journal of the Heteroptera of Turkey 2(1), 1-2.
van der Heyden T (2020b) First record of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 in Guatemala (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Coreidae). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomologia 44 (1-2), 2 pp.
van der Heyden T (2020c) First records of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae: Coreinae: Anisoscelini) in Finland. Revista Chilena de Entomología 46(1), 73-74.
Yin LF, Mo W, Guo DY, Luo CX (2020) First report of brown rot of Prunus mume caused by Monilinia fructicola in China. Plant Disease 104(4), p 1253. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1847-PDN