New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List
By browsing through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included on the EPPO Alert List. The situation of the pest concerned is indicated in bold, using the terms of ISPM no. 8.
- New record
In autumn 2004, Stephanitis pyroides (Hemiptera: Tingidae – formerly on the EPPO Alert List) was recorded for the first time from Italy. Adults were found attacking azalea and rhododendron plants at the Botanical Gardens of Lucca in Toscana (Del Bene & Pluot-Sigwalt, 2005). Present, found in 2004 in Toscana.
- Detailed records
In Ontario, Canada, additional trees infested with Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae – EPPO A1 list) were detected in the cities of Toronto and Vaughan in September 2005. This will imply the removal of an additional 2,000 trees from these locations. All infested trees were found within the regulated area established in 2004 to prevent spread of the pest (NAPPO Phytosanitary Alert System, 2005).
In Uganda, both B and Q biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae - EPPO A2 list) were recorded (Sseruwagi et al., 2005).
In Italy in 2005, Erwinia amylovora (EPPO A2 list) was found on Malus in the ‘Valle di Non’ province of Trento (Trentino-Alto Adige region). Phytosanitary measures are being applied to prevent any further spread. In this region, E. amylovora was first reported in 1999 (EPPO RS 2000/002) on pear (NPPO of Italy, 2005).
Glomerella acutata (anamorph Colletrichum acutatum – EU Annexes) was detected in a collection of isolates collected in Calabria (Italy) during the last 10 years from strawberry fields showing anthracnose symptoms (Agosteo et al., 2005).
In USA, Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellicae – EPPO Alert List) a vector of Xylella fastidiosa, was detected in Arizona (NAPPO Phytosanitary Alert System, 2005).
Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (EPPO A2 list) was reported on Capsicum annuum in the Samsun province, Black Sea region, Turkey. The virus was also detected by ELISA in several weed species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Datura stramonium, Hibiscus trionum, and Taraxacum officinale (Arli-Sokmen et al., 2005).
In Italy, the presence of Plum pox potyvirus (EPPO A2 list) was reported in 2004 in Friuli-Venezia Giulia on plums (Prunus domestica cvs. ‘Susina di Dro’ and ‘Locale’). PPV was detected in the localities of Chiampore and Santa Barbara (commune of Muggia, province of Trieste). Eradication measures were applied (NPPO of Italy, 2005).
In Canada, Puccinia horiana (EPPO A2 list) was detected in October 2005 on chrysanthemums growing outdoors in a British Columbia nursery and retail facility. Movements of plants from this nursery were prohibited and approximately 900 plants were destroyed. Surveys were conducted at the affected nursery and adjacent properties. Trace back and trace forward activities were also conducted and no other Canadian infestations of P. horiana were identified. The pest status of P. horiana in Canada is officially declared as follows: Eradicated (NAPPO Phytosanitary Alert System, 2005)
- New host plants
In USA, the occurrence of Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus (INSV – EPPO A2 list) was reported on glasshouse-grown Capsicum annuum (Naidu et al., 2005).
Phytophthora hibernalis, previously described as causing a brown rot on citrus, was isolated from rhododendron plants grown in nurseries in California and Oregon (US). It was shown that P. hibernalis is pathogenic to rhododendrons. In addition, in some PCR assays for the detection of P. ramorum, cross reactions were observed with P. hibernalis (Blomquist et al., 2005).
Maianthemum racemosum (=Smilacina racemosa, Liliaceae) is reported as a host plant of Phytophthora ramorum (EPPO Alert list) in California (Hüberli et al., 2005).
Adenium obesum (Apocynaceae) an ornamental species originating from Southeast Africa is reported as a host of Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (EPPO A2 list) in Florida, US (Adkins and Baker, 2005).
In Spain, both Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia begomovirus (TYLCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus (TYLCV) were reported on tomato crops. TYLCV was also reported in Phaseolus vulgaris and Capsicum annuum crops. During summer 2004, symptoms of yellowing, crumpling and necrosis of new leaves were observed sporadically in young, field-grown tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum) in the Badajoz province (Extremadura). The presence of TYLCV was detected in mixed infections with Potato Y potyvirus (PVY) in the tested samples (Font et al., 2005).
Sources
Adkins S, Baker CA (2005) Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus identified in desert rose in Florida. Plant Disease 89(5), p 526.
Agosteo GE, Macrì C, Cacciola SO (2005) Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum isolates causing anthracnose of strawberry in Calabria. Journal of Plant Pathology 87(4, special issue), p 287.
Arli-Sokmen, Mennan H, Sevik MA, Ecevit O (2005) Occurrence of viruses in field-grown pepper crops and some of their reservoir weed hosts in Samsun, Turkey. Phytoparasitica 33(4), 347-358.
Del Bene G, Pluot-Sigwalt D (2005) Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott) (Heteroptera Tingidae): a lace bug new to Italy. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, serie II, 37(1), 71-76.
Font MI, Córdoba C, García A, Santiago R, Jordá C (2005) First report of tobacco as a natural host of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Spain. Plant Disease 89(8), p 910.
Hüberli D, Ivors KL, Smith A, Tse JG, Garbelotto M (2005) First report of foliar infection of Maianthemum racemosum by Phytophthora ramorum. Plant Disease 89(2), p 204.
Sseruwagi P, Legg JP, Maruthi MN, Colvin J, Rey MEC, Brown JK (2005) Genetic diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) populations and presence of the B biotype and a non-B biotype that can induce silverleaf symptoms in squash, in Uganda. Annals of Applied Biology 147(3), 253-265.
NPPO of Italy, 2005-12.
INTERNET
Plant Management Network website - Plant Health Progress (Plant Health Research)
Naidu RA, Deom CM, Sherwood JL (2005) Expansion of the host range of Impatiens necrotic spot virus to peppers.
Blomquist C, Irving T, Osterbauer N, Reeser P (2005) Phytophthora hibernalis: a new pathogen on Rhododendron and evidence of cross amplification with two PCR detection assays for Phytophthora ramorum. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org
NAPPO Phytosanitary Alert System
Official Pest Reports – Canada (2005-11-18) Chrysanthemum White Rust - Find in British Columbia Nursery Facility http://www.pestalert.org/oprDetail.cfm?oprID=178
Official Pest Reports – Canada (2005-09-28) Additional Asian Long-horned Beetle Infestations Found on Toronto and Vaughan. http://www.pestalert.org/oprDetail.cfm?oprID=170
New Pest Stories (2005-09-22) Glassy-winged sharpshooter detected in Arizona. http://www.pestalert.org/viewArchNewsStory.cfm?nid=357