Erwinia amylovora(ERWIAM)
Distribution details in Switzerland
Current pest situation evaluated by EPPO on the basis of information dated
2022: Present, restricted distribution
First recorded in: 1989
From CABI Disease map 002 (2017): Present, restricted distribution
First recorded in: 1989
From CABI Disease map 002 (2017): Present, restricted distribution
From NPPO: Present, restricted distribution
EPPO Reporting Service 500/09. Single infected plant destroyed at Stein-am-Rhein (Schaffhausen). EPPO Reporting Service 506/07: two further incidents, at Eschenz (Solothurn) and Stammheim (Zürich). Isolated incidents, not established; EPPO Reporting Service 512/06, 1991-06-01.
Reporting Service 523/03 of 1992-05: found again in 1991 in Bodensee area, including in a commercial pear orchard for the first time. A policy of eradication continues.
EPPO Reporting Service (1994/194) : found again in 1994-08 in an apple nursery near Zürich, at Baden. Host plants near the nursery were also infected (pear, quince, crataegus, cotoneaster). Eradication measures taken, but eradication to be confirmed in 1995. All earlier foci confirmed eradicated (cf. above).
EPPO Reporting Service (1996/144) : 1994 outbreak west of Zürich not contained. In 1995, fireblight found in 6 new regions.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/134) : in July 1966, less than 50 plants found infected, all in four zones previously reported as contaminated. Disease is well contained in orchards. However, in August 1996, several outbreaks were found on Cotoneaster spp. in the NE of Switzerland (about 300 km2 from St Gall to the Rhine). Extensive programme of elimination of Cotoneaster set up. Infested areas have been well delimited.
EPPO Reporting Service (2001/121) : now present at many sites in the German-speaking part of the country. Only isolated outbreaks, since 1999, in French-speaking cantons (but not Valais), and Ticino.
From Holliger (2016): found for the first time in Valais in 2013 in apple orchards. Eradication is no longer considered possible in Switzerland but the disease remains under official control.
NPPO (2020): Regulated non quarantine pest in Swizterland since 2020-01-01, except for the protected zone of Valais.
NPPO (2022): The protected zone of Valais is lifted in 2022-04. Erwinia amylovora is a RNQP for the entire country.
Reporting Service 523/03 of 1992-05: found again in 1991 in Bodensee area, including in a commercial pear orchard for the first time. A policy of eradication continues.
EPPO Reporting Service (1994/194) : found again in 1994-08 in an apple nursery near Zürich, at Baden. Host plants near the nursery were also infected (pear, quince, crataegus, cotoneaster). Eradication measures taken, but eradication to be confirmed in 1995. All earlier foci confirmed eradicated (cf. above).
EPPO Reporting Service (1996/144) : 1994 outbreak west of Zürich not contained. In 1995, fireblight found in 6 new regions.
EPPO Reporting Service (1997/134) : in July 1966, less than 50 plants found infected, all in four zones previously reported as contaminated. Disease is well contained in orchards. However, in August 1996, several outbreaks were found on Cotoneaster spp. in the NE of Switzerland (about 300 km2 from St Gall to the Rhine). Extensive programme of elimination of Cotoneaster set up. Infested areas have been well delimited.
EPPO Reporting Service (2001/121) : now present at many sites in the German-speaking part of the country. Only isolated outbreaks, since 1999, in French-speaking cantons (but not Valais), and Ticino.
From Holliger (2016): found for the first time in Valais in 2013 in apple orchards. Eradication is no longer considered possible in Switzerland but the disease remains under official control.
NPPO (2020): Regulated non quarantine pest in Swizterland since 2020-01-01, except for the protected zone of Valais.
NPPO (2022): The protected zone of Valais is lifted in 2022-04. Erwinia amylovora is a RNQP for the entire country.
* Grimm R, Vogelsanger J. (1989) First record of fireblight in Switzerland. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Obst- und Weinbau 125 (18), 514-516.
------- First record from Switzerland (on Cotoneaster).
* Grimm R, Vogelsanger J, Ruegg J (1991) Pesticide Outlook 2 (2), 16-17.
------- Localised occurrence on Cotoneaster eradicated by burning infected bushes. Quarantine measures have been introduced.
* Hasler T, Schaerer HJ, Holliger E, Vogelsanger J, Vignutelli A, Schoch B (2002) Acta Horticulturae No.590, 73-79.
* Hasler T, Vogelsanger J, Schoch B, Mani E (1996) Obst- und Weinbau 132 (9), 247-249.
* Holliger E (2016) Le Guide Arbo d'Agroscope. Feu bactérien en Suisse. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 48(1), 18-20.
------- Includes a map showing the 2015 situation.
* Holliger E (2010) Dernières nouvelles du feu bactérien. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 42(1), 69-71.
------- In 2009, detected for the first time in Valais (Cotoneaster salicifolius). This paper shows a map of the infected communes in Switzerland.
* NPPO of Switzerland (1997-07, 2022-05).
www.feubacterien.ch
* Schaub L (1996) Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 28 (3), 213.
------- First record from Switzerland (on Cotoneaster).
* Grimm R, Vogelsanger J, Ruegg J (1991) Pesticide Outlook 2 (2), 16-17.
------- Localised occurrence on Cotoneaster eradicated by burning infected bushes. Quarantine measures have been introduced.
* Hasler T, Schaerer HJ, Holliger E, Vogelsanger J, Vignutelli A, Schoch B (2002) Acta Horticulturae No.590, 73-79.
* Hasler T, Vogelsanger J, Schoch B, Mani E (1996) Obst- und Weinbau 132 (9), 247-249.
* Holliger E (2016) Le Guide Arbo d'Agroscope. Feu bactérien en Suisse. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 48(1), 18-20.
------- Includes a map showing the 2015 situation.
* Holliger E (2010) Dernières nouvelles du feu bactérien. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 42(1), 69-71.
------- In 2009, detected for the first time in Valais (Cotoneaster salicifolius). This paper shows a map of the infected communes in Switzerland.
* NPPO of Switzerland (1997-07, 2022-05).
www.feubacterien.ch
* Schaub L (1996) Revue Suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 28 (3), 213.
| Country | State | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | Present, restricted distribution | ||
| France | Corse | Absent, pest eradicated | |
| France | Present, restricted distribution | ||
| Germany | Present, restricted distribution | ||
| Italy | Sicilia | Present, few occurrences | |
| Italy | Sardegna | Absent, confirmed by survey | |
| Italy | Present, restricted distribution |