* EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents
------- Doubtful host. See details in Annex 6 of the PRA.
* Kelson WE (1964) The biology of Aphrophora permutata and Some Observations on Aphrophora canadensis Attacking Monterey Pine in California. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 40(3), 135-146.
------- eggs, nymphs, adults
* Dropkin VH, Foudin A, Kondo E, Linit M, Smith M, Robbins K (1981) Pinewood nematode: a threat to US forests? Plant Disease 65(12), 1022-1027.
* Zamora P, Rodríguez V, Renedo F, Sanz AV, Domínguez JC, Pérez-Escolar G, Miranda J, Álvarez B, González-Casas A, Mayor E, Dueñas M, Miravalles A, Navas A, Robertson L, Martín AB (2015) First report of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causing pine wilt disease on Pinus radiata in Spain. Plant Disease 99, 1449.
* INTERNET
ScaleNet. Chionaspis pinifoliae. http://scalenet.info/catalogue/Chionaspis%20pinifoliae/
* Gwiazdowski RA, Vea MI, Andersen CJ & Normark BB (2011) Discovery of cryptic species among North American pine-feeding Chionaspis scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 104(1), 47–62.
* INTERNET
ScaleNet. Chionaspis pinifoliae. http://scalenet.info/catalogue/Chionaspis%20pinifoliae/
* Gwiazdowski RA, Vea MI, Andersen CJ & Normark BB (2011) Discovery of cryptic species among North American pine-feeding Chionaspis scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 104(1), 47–62.
------- Pinus maximartinezii, Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa (as Pinus washoensis).
* Ben-Dov Y (1994) A systematic catalogue of the mealybugs of the world (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) with data on geographical distribution, host plants, biology and economic importance. Intercept Limited Andover, 686 pp.
* McKenzie HL (1967) Mealybugs of California with taxonomy, biology, and control of North American species (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). University of California Press, p 127-129.
------- in San Diego county, California (US).
* Ziller WG (1974) The tree rusts of Western Canada. Forest Service, British Columbia, Canada Publication No. 1329, pp. 78-100.
-------- List of hosts of Endocronartium harknessii.
* Hain FP, Duehl AJ, Gardener MJ, Payne TL (2011) Natural History of the Southern Pine Beetle. In: Coulson, R.N.; Klepzig, K.D. 2011. Southern Pine Beetle II. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-140. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 13-24. https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/39019
------- "The SPB infests and kills all pine species in its range"
* Clark SM, LeDoux DG, Seeno TN, Riley EG, Gilbert AJ, Sullivan JM (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 2, 615 pp.
------- Adult host.
* Drenkhan R et al. (2016) Global geographic distribution and host range of Dothistroma species: a comprehensive review. Forest Pathology 46, 408-442.
------- Highly susceptible.
* Drenkhan R et al. (2016) Global geographic distribution and host range of Dothistroma species: a comprehensive review. Forest Pathology 46, 408-442.
------- Highly susceptible.
* Ortíz de Urbina E, Mesanza N, Aragonés A, Raposo R, Elvira-Recuenco M, Boqué R, Patten C, Aitken J, Iturritxa E (2017) Emerging needle blight diseases in Atlantic Pinus ecosystems of Spain. Forests 8(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8010018
------- In these studies, D. septosporum was found in P. radiata together with D. pini or Lecanosticta acicola.
* Dixon WN (1982) Lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomology Circular, Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services no 236, 2 pp.
* Bragança H, Diogo E, Moniz F, Amaro P (2009) First report of pitch canker on pines caused by Fusarium circinatum in Portugal. Plant Disease 93(10), p 1079.
* Gordon TR, Storer AJ, Wood DL (2001) The pitch canker epidemics in California. Plant Disease, 85(11), 1128-1139.
* Drenkhan R, Ganley B, Martín-García J, Vahalík P, Adamson K, Adamčíková K, Ahumada R, Blank L et al. (2020) Global geographic distribution and host range of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker. Forests 11(7), 724.
------- High susceptibility.
* Landeras E, García P, Fernández Y, Braña M, Fernandez-Alonso O, Mendez-Lodos S, Perez-Sierra A, Leon M, Abad-Campos P, Berbegal M, Beltran R, Garcia-Jimenez J, Armengol J (2005) Outbreak of pitch canker caused by Fusarium circinatum on Pinus spp. in Northern Spain. Plant Disease 89(9), 1015.
* Furniss RL, Carolin VM (1977) Western forest insects (Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Miscellaneous Publications, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service No. 1339, pp. 1-654
* INTERNET
SCION. Pests and diseases of forestry in New Zealand. Heliothis armigera, tomato fruitworm. https://www.nzffa.org.nz/farm-forestry-model/the-essentials/forest-health-pests-and-diseases/Pests/Heliothis-armigera/heliothis-armigera-tomato-fruitworm/
* Garbelotto M, Gonthier P (2013) Biology, Epidemiology, and Control of Heterobasidion Species Worldwide. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 2013. 51:39–59
------ confirmed host
* Douglas HB, Cognato AI, Grebennikov V, Savard K (2019) Dichotomous and matrix-based keys to the Ips bark beetles of the World (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification 38, 234 pp. http://cjai.biologicalsurvey.ca/dcgs_38/factsheets/Ips_hauseri.pdf
* Fox JW, Wood DL, Koehler CS (1990) Distribution and abundance of engraver beetles (Scolytidae: Ips species) on Monterey pines infected with pitch canker. Canadian Entomologist 122 (11-12), 1157-1166.
* Romero SL, Ochoa PR, Bilbao JCI, Lafuente AG (2007) Los escolítidos de las coníferas del País Vasco. Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, 189 pp.
* Evans HC (1984) The genus Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs Cercoseptoria, Dothistroma and Lecanosticta on pines. Mycological Papers 153, 1– 102.
* Ioos R, Fabre B, Saurat C, Fourrier C, Frey P, Marcais B (2010) Development, comparison, and validation of real-time and conventional PCR tools for the detection of the fungal pathogens causing brown spot and red band needle blight of pine. Phytopathology 100(1), 105-114.
* Mullett MS, Adamson K, Bragança H, Bulgakov TS, Georgieva M, Henriques J, Jürisoo L, Laas M, Drenkhan R (2018) New country and regional records of the pine needle blight pathogens Lecanosticta acicola, Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini. Forest Pathology 48, e12440. https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12440
* Ortíz de Urbina E, Mesanza N, Aragonés A, Raposo R, Elvira-Recuenco M, Boqué R, Patten C, Aitken J, Iturritxa E (2017) Emerging needle blight diseases in Atlantic Pinus ecosystems of Spain. Forests, 8, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8010018
------- Confirmed host. Preferred host in Northern Spain.
* Siggers PV (1944) The brown spot needle blight of pine seedlings. US Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Technical Bulletin, 870, 1-6.
* Davis EE, Albrecht EM, Venette RC (2008) Exotic pine pests: survey reference. Monochamus alternatus. CAPS, cooperative agriculture pest survey, 63-74. https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev2_026444.pdf
* Kishi Y (1995) The pine wood nematode and the Japanese pine sawyer. Thomas Company Limited, Tokyo, 302 pp.
* Akbulut S, Stamps WT (2012) Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species. Forest Pathology 42(2), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00733.x
* Akbulut S, Togashi K & Linit MJ (2017) Cerambycids as plant disease vectors with special reference to pine wilt. In Cerambycidae of the world, pp. 209-252. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
* Akbulut S, Stamps WT (2012) Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species. Forest Pathology 42(2), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00733.x
* Keen FP (1952) Insect Enemies of Western Forests. Miscellaneous Publication no. 273. USDA, 209 pp.
* Akbulut S, Stamps WT (2012) Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species. Forest Pathology 42(2), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00733.x
* Monné MA, Nearns EH (2021) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Canada and United States of America. Part IV. Subfamily Lamiinae. https://cerambycids.com/catalog/Monne&Nearns_2021_NearcticCat_part_IV.pdf
* Akbulut S, Stamps WT (2012) Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species. Forest Pathology 42(2), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00733.x
* Duffy EAJ (1960) A monograph of the immature stages of neotropical timber beetles. London: British Museum (Natural History), 327 pp.
* Monné MA, Nearns EH (2021) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Canada and United States of America. Part IV. Subfamily Lamiinae. https://cerambycids.com/catalog/Monne&Nearns_2021_NearcticCat_part_IV.pdf
* Plant-SyNZ. Landcare Research (NZ). Host plants of a herbivore -Oemona hirta. http://plant-synz.landcareresearch.co.nz/index.asp). Last accessed 2021-06.
* Heppner JB (2003) Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Volume 17 of Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas. Division of Plant Industry. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Gainesville, Florida. 670 pp
* Robinson GS, Ackery PR, Kitching IJ, Beccaloni GW, Hernández LM (2010) HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts.
* Dick MA, Williams NM, Bader MK, Gardner JF, Bulman LS (2014) Pathogenicity of Phytophthora pluvialis to Pinus radiata and its relation with red needle cast disease in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science. 44(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40490-014-0006-7
* Fraser S, Gomez‐Gallego M, Gardner J, Bulman LS, Denman S, Williams NM (2020) Impact of weather variables and season on sporulation of Phytophthora pluvialis and Phytophthora kernoviae. Forest Pathology 50(2):e12588.
* McDougal RL, Ganley R.J (2021) Foliar Phytophthora in New Zealand plantation forests: historical presence of Phytophthora kernoviae and association with a previously undiagnosed disorder of Pinus radiata. Australasian Plant Pathology, 50(6), 747-759.
* Smith SG, Sugden BA (1969) Host trees and breeding sites of native North American Pissodes bark weevils, with a note on synonymy. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 62, 146-148.
* Cameron E, Stark R (1989) Variations in the life cycle of the lodgepole terminal weevil, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in California. The Canadian Entomologist 121(9), 793-801.
* Atkinson TH (2024) Bark and ambrosia beetles of the Americas. Available online: http://www.barkbeetles.info.
* Fox JW, Wood DL, Koehler CS (1990) Distribution and abundance of engraver beetles (Scolytidae: Ips species) on Monterey pines infected with pitch canker. The Canadian Entomologist 122(6), 1157-1166.
* Wood SL, Bright DE (1992) A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2. Taxonomic Index Volumes A and B. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13, 1-1553.
* Avtzis N (1986) Development of Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) in relation to food consumption. Forest Ecology and Management 15(1), 65-68.
* Gomez-Bustillo MR (1978) Los Thaumetopoeidae de la Peninsula Iberica: nociones de sistematica, ecologica e importancia economica de la famila. Revista de Lepidopterologia 5, 283-290; 6, 113- 124.
* CAPS (2019) Trichoferus campestris. Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey pest datasheets. http://download.ceris.purdue.edu/file/3869
------- Living host.
* Atkinson TH (2018) Bark and ambrosia beetles (US and Canada). Available at: http://www.barkbeetles.info/regional_chklist_target_species.php?lookUp=491 (accessed 29 June 2018)
* Yousuf F, Gurr GM, Carnegie AJ, Bedding RA, Bashford R and Gitau CW (2014) Biology of the bark beetle Ips grandicollis Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and its arthropod, nematode and microbial associates: a review of management opportunities for Australia. Austral Entomolology 53, 298–316.
* Ganley RJ, Williams NM, Rolando CA, hood IA, Dungey HS, Beets PN, Bulman LS (2014) Management of red needle cast, caused by Phytophthora pluvialis, a new disease of radiata pine in New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection 67, 48-53.
------- confirmed host.
