EPPO Global Database

Zea mays(ZEAMX)

Pests

Organism Type
Chloridea virescens (HELIVI) Doubtful host
* EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents
------- Doubtful host. See details in Annex 6 of the PRA.
Clavibacter michiganensis (CORBMI) Doubtful host
* Stamova L, Sotirova V (1987) Reaction of different crops to artificial inoculation with Corynebacterium michiganense (E.F. Sm.) H.L. Jensen. Archiv fur Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz 23, 211–216.
------- Experimental. Causing wilted leaflets. Not confirmed in other publications. Pending confirmation, all monocotyledonous host plants reported by Stamova & Satirova (1987) are considered doubtful.
Fusarium foetens (FUSAFO) Doubtful host
* González-Jartín JM, Alfonso A, Sainz MJ, Vieytes MR, Aguín O, Ferreiroa V, Botana LM (2019) First report of Fusarium foetens as a mycotoxin producer. Mycotoxin Research 35, 177-186.
-------- Isolated from kernels but asymptomatic. Host status would need to be further studied.
Clavibacter sepedonicus (CORBSE) Experimental
* van der Wolf JM, van Beckhoven JRCM, Hakkunen A, Karjalainen R, Müller P (2005) Fate of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, the causal organism of bacterial ring rot of potato, in weeds and field crops. Journal of Phytopathology 153, 358-365.
Hirschmanniella oryzae (HIRSOR) Experimental
* Babatola JO (1979) Varietal reaction of rice and other food crops to the rice-root nematodes, Hirschmanniella oryzae, H. imamuri and H. spinicaudata. Nematropica 9, 123-128.

* Sharma SB (2001) Plant parasitic nematodes in rice-wheat based cropping systems in South Asia. Journal of Crop Production 4, 227-247. 
------- It is not specified whether the nematode was found in the roots or in the soil.

* Siddiqi MR (1973) Hirschmanniella oryzae. C.I.H. Descriptions of plant-parasitic nematodes 2. CIP, St. Albans, UK.
Hordeivirus hordei (BSMV00) Experimental
Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (PHMPOM) Experimental
* Anonymous (1960) Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. Agriculture Handbook no 165, USDA-ARS (US) 531 pp.
------- noted as host.

* Lyda SD, 1978. Ecology of Phymatotrichum omnivorum. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 16, 193–209. Available
online: http://annurev.py.16.090178.001205
-------- in experiments, lesions were visible on the corn roots from infested soil but no P. omnivorum could be recovered. Can affect corn plants in sterile medium, but not in fields.

* Uppalapati SR, Young CA, Marek SM, Mysore KS (2010) Phymatotrichum (cotton) root rot caused by Phymatotrichopsis omnivora: Retrospects and prospects. Molecular Plant Pathology 11(3), 325-334.
------- noted as non host.
Radopholus similis (RADOSI) Experimental
Spongospora subterranea (SPONSU) Experimental
* Simango K, Slabbert CP, van der Waals JE (2020) Alternative hosts of Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea in southern Africa. Eur J Plant Pathol 157(6), 421–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-01993-z
Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli (XANTPH) Experimental
* Bradbury JF (1986) Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB international, Walllingford, UK.
Acidovorax avenae (PSDMAV) Host
* Ji C, Ou J, Xu D, Pan R (2014) First report of corn bacterial leaf stripe caused by Acidovorax avenae in Guangdong Province, China. Plant Disease 98(10), p 1424.
Adoretus sinicus (ADORSI) Host
Aeneolamia contigua (TOMAPO) Host
Agrotis segetum (AGROSE) Host
Asproparthenis punctiventris (CLEOPU) Host
Atherigona oryzae (ATHEOZ) Host
Atherigona reversura (ATHERE) Host
* Pont AC, Magpayo FR (1995) Muscid shoot-flies of the Philippine Islands (Diptera, Muscidae, genus Atherigona Rondani). Bulletin of Entomological Research, Supplement 3, 1–123.
Aulacophora hilaris (AUACHI) Host
Bagrada hilaris (BAGRHI) Host
Brachyplatys subaeneus (BRAPSU) Host
* Añino YJ, Zumba-Zhongor M, Naranjo-Morán JA, Rodríguez R, Santos-Murgas A, Zachrisson B (2020) Primer reporte de Brachyplatys subaeneus (Westwood) (Heteroptera: Plataspidae) en Ecuador y el listado sinóptico de sus plantas hospedantes. IDESIA (Chile) 38(1), 113-118.
Ceratothripoides brunneus (CRTZBR) Host
Chilo infuscatellus (DIATIN) Host
Chrysodeixis eriosoma (CHRXER) Host
Cicadulina mbila (CICDMB) Host
Conoderus rufangulus (CONORU) Host
Cryptoblabes gnidiella (CRYBGN) Host
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (CORBFL) Host
* Harveson RM, Schwartz HF, Urrea CA, Yonts CD (2015) Bacterial wilt of dry-edible beans in the central high plains of the U.S.: past, present, and future. Plant Disease 99, 1665–1677.
------- When grown in rotation with infected dry bean crops. Maize was also infected by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis.
Cylas puncticollis (CYLAPU) Host
Dechacona missionum (ONCMMI) Host
* Paradell SL, Virla EG, Logarzo GA, Dellapé G (2012) Proconiini Sharpshooters of Argentina, with notes on its distribution, host plants, and natural enemies. Journal of Insect Science 12, 116. http://www.insectscience.org/12.116
Delia arambourgi (HYLEAR) Host
Diaprepes abbreviatus (DPREAB) Host
* EFSA PLH Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Health) (2023) Pest categorisation of Diaprepes abbreviatus. EFSA Journal 21(11), 1–42. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.83
-------host plant supporting the whole life cycle. 
Diatraea saccharalis (DIATSA) Host
Dichocrocis punctiferalis (DICHPU) Host
Didymella maydis (MYCOZM) Host
Ditylenchus destructor (DITYDE) Host
* Pan F, Li F, Mao Y, Liu D, Chen A, Zhao D, Hu Y (2021) First detection of Ditylenchus destructor parasitizing maize in Northeast China. Life 11, 1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/life11121303
------- Affected maize plants were stunted. Host status confirmed by inoculation experiments.
Ditylenchus dipsaci (DITYDI) Host
* Andaloussi FA, Bachikh J (2001) Studies on the host range of Ditylenchus dipsaci in Morocco. Nematologia Mediterranea 29, 51-57.

* Hooper D.J (1972) Ditylenchus dipsaci. CIH Descriptions of Plant-parasitic Nematodes Set 1, No. 14.

* Goodey JB, Franklin MT, Hooper DJ (1965) T. Goodey's: The Nematode Parasites of Plants Catalogued Under Their Hosts. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England. Third edition, 214 pp.
Draeculacephala minerva (DRAEMI) Host
* Purcell AH, Frazier NW (1985) Habitats and dispersal of the principal leafhopper vectors of Pierce's disease bacterium in the San Joaquin Valley. Hilgardia 53(4), 1-32.
------- Feeding host.
Earias insulana (EARIIN) Host
Elasmopalpus lignosellus (ELASLI) Host
* Gill HK, Capinera JL, McSorley R (2017) Featured Creatures. Lesser cornstalk borer. Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) (Insecta: lepidoptera: Pyralidae). University of Florida (US). http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/lesser_cornstalk_borer.htm

* Sandhu HS (2010) Biology and cultural control of lesser cornstalk borer on sugarcane. PhD thesis. University of Florida. https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/E0/04/14/72/00001/sandhu_h.pdf

* Xavier LMS, Laumann RA, Borges M, Magalhães DM, Vilela EF, Blassioli-Moraes MC (2011) Trichogramma pretiosum attraction due to the Elasmopalpus lignosellus damage in maize. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46(6), 578-585.
Eldana saccharina (ELDASA) Host
Emaravirus tritici (WHPV00) Host
* Jensen SG, Lane LC, Seifers DL (1996) A new disease of maize and wheat in the High Plains. Plant Disease 80, 1387–1390.

* Seifers DL, Harvey TL, Martin TJ, Jensen SG (1998) A partial host range of the High Plains virus of corn and wheat. Plant Disease 82, 875–879.

* Tatineni S, Hein GL (2021) High Plains wheat mosaic virus: An enigmatic disease of wheat and corn causing the High Plains disease. Molecular Plant Pathology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13113
Erwinia chrysanthemi (ERWICH) Host
Euzophera semifuneralis (EUZOSE) Host
* Biddinger DJ, Howitt AJ (1992) The food plants and distribution of the American plum borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The Great Lakes Entomologist 25(3), 149-158. https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol25/iss3/2
Fijivirus alporyzae (RBSDV0) Host
* Cao W, Wang R, Cao J, Gao J, Zhao X, Gan L, Zhu C (2022) Genome‐wide identification and characterization of long noncoding RNAs in maize under rice black streaked dwarf virus infection. Plant Pathology 71(3), 741-749.
Fusarium circinatum (GIBBCI) Host
* Drenkhan R, Ganley B, Martín-García J, Vahalík P, Adamson K, Adamčíková K, Ahumada R, Blank L et al. (2020) Global geographic distribution and host range of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker. Forests 11(7), 724.
------- Natural non-Pinus host.
Halyomorpha halys (HALYHA) Host
* Bergmann E, Bernhard KM, Bernon G, Bickerton M, Gill S, Gonzales C, Hamilton GC, Hedstrom C, Kamminga K, Koplinka-Loehr C, Krawczyk G, Kuhar TP, Kunkel B, Lee J, Leskey TC, Martinson H, Nielsen AL, Raupp M, Shearer P, Shrewsbury P, Walgenbach J, Whalen J, Wiman N (online) Host Plants of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in the U.S. https://www.stopbmsb.org/where-is-bmsb/host-plants

* Holthouse MC, Spears LR, Alston DG (2021) Urban host plant utilisation by the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) in northern Utah. NeoBiota 64, 87–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.60050
Haplaxius crudus (MYNDCR) Host
* Villanueva-Barradas J, Carrillo H, Pina J (1986) Distribución en México de Myndus crudus, Van Duzee (Homoptera: Cixiidae), vector del amarillamiento letal del cocotero. XII Congreso Nacional de Entomologia (Monterrey, MX, 1986-03-16/19), pp.16-19.
------- Nymph host.
Helicoverpa armigera (HELIAR) Host
* Cunningham JP, Zalucki MP (2014) Understanding heliothine (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) pests: what is a host plant? Journal of Economic Entomology 107, 881–896.
Heterodera elachista (HETDEL) Host
* De Luca F, Vovlas N, Lucarelli G, Troccoli A, Radicci V, Fanelli E, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete C, Palomares Rius JE, Castillo P (2013) Heterodera elachista the Japanese cyst nematode parasitizing corn in Northern Italy: integrative diagnosis and bionomics. European Journal of Plant Pathology 136(4), 857-872.
-------Found in maize crop in 2012 in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

* Xiao DX, Feng YX, Zhou Y, Xuan YH, Chen LJ, Wang YY, Liu XY, Duan YX, Zhu XF (2019) First report of Heterodera elachista on Zea mays and Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis in Liaoning Province, China. Plant Disease 103(6), 1433-1434.
------- On roots of maize (Liaoning province, China). No above ground symptoms were observed.
Homalodisca vitripennis (HOMLTR) Host
* Turner WF, Pollard HN (1959) Life histories and behavior of five insect vectors of phony peach disease. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1188, 28 pp.
-------- Feeding host.
Hypothenemus hampei (STEHHA) Host
* Damon A (2000) A review of the biology and control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 90(6), 453-465.

* Marchioro M, Vallotto D, Ruzzier E, Besana L, Rossini M, Ortis G, Faccoli M, Martinez-Sañudo I (2023) Scolytinae former Cryphalini host plant dataset. Avalaible in Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7925274 
Lepyronia quadrangularis (LEPOQU) Host
* Doering KC (1942) Host plant records of Cercopidae in North America, North of Mexico (Homoptera) (continued). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 15(3), 73-92.
------- Nymphs found feeding on this plant.
Limonius californicus (LIMOCF) Host
* Shirck FH (1946) Growth of the Sugar-Beet Wireworm on Different Food Plants. Journal of Economic Entomology 39(5), 648-651.
Liriomyza huidobrensis (LIRIHU) Host
* He CX, Wu WW, Wang SF, Wang LZ (2001) Host plants and feeding preferences of Liriomyza huidobrensis. Acta Entomologica Sinica 44, 384-388.

* Salvo A, Valladares G (1997) An analysis of leaf-miner and plant host ranges of three Chrysocharis species (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) from Argentina. Entomophaga 42, 387-396.

* Scheffer SJ, Lewis ML, Joshi RC (2006) DNA barcoding applied to invasive leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Philippines. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 99, 204-210.
Meloidogyne chitwoodi (MELGCH) Host
* O’Bannon JH, Santo GS, Nyczepir AP (1982) Host range of the Columbia root-knot nematode. Plant Disease 66, 1045-1048.
Meloidogyne ethiopica (MELGET) Host
* Lima E A, Mattos J K, Moita A W, Carneiro R G & Carneiro R M D G (2009) Host status of different crops for Meloidogyne ethiopica control. Tropical Plant Pathology 34, 152-157.
------In experiments, cv. 'AG 50 20' was found to be a good host (RF>= 1)
Meloidogyne graminicola (MELGGC) Host
* Rusinque L, Maleita C, Abrantes I, Palomares-Rius JE, Inácio ML (2021) Meloidogyne graminicola - A threat to rice production: review update on distribution, biology, identification, and management. Biology 10, 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111163

* Soares MR, Carneiro RM, Dias-Arieira C (2022) Response of different crops and weeds to three biotypes of Meloidogyne graminicola: crop rotation and succession strategies for irrigated rice fields. Nematology 24(5), 589-597.
------- in experiment in Brazil, maize is recorded as a 'non-host' (RF<1).
Meloidogyne luci (MELGLC) Host
* Sen F, Aydinli (2021) Host status of cultivated crops to Meloidogyne luci. European Journal of Plant Pathology 161(3), 607-618.
------- In experiments, cultivars tested showed variable host status from poor host (Apex, Merit F1), to good host (cvs. Otello, Sy Lucroso).

* Strajnar P, Širca S, Knapič M & Urek G (2011) Effect of Slovenian climatic conditions on the development and survival of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica. European Journal of Plant Pathology 129, 81-88
-------In experiments, breeding line PR38F70 SI was found to be a good host (RF = 2.8)
Metamasius hemipterus (METAHE) Host
Molomea consolida (MOLMCO) Host
* Paradell SL, Virla EG, Logarzo GA, Dellapé G (2012) Proconiini Sharpshooters of Argentina, with notes on its distribution, host plants, and natural enemies. Journal of Insect Science 12, 116. http://www.insectscience.org/12.116
Mussidia nigrivenella (MUSSNV) Host
* Silvie P (1990) Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot (Pyralidae, Phycitinae): a little known cotton pest. Coton et Fibres Tropicales 45(4), 323-333.
Mythimna separata (PSEDSE) Host
Nacoleia octasema (HEDYOC) Host
Naupactus leucoloma (GRAGLE) Host
* Lanteri AA, Marvaldi AE, Suárez SM (2002) Gorgojos de la Argentina y sus plantas huéspedes. Tomo I: Apionidae y Curculionidae. Publicación Especial de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 1, 98 pp.
Naupactus xanthographus (NAUPXA) Host
* Caballero VC (1972) Algunos aspectos de la biología y control de Naupactus xanthographus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en durazneros en Chile. Rev Peru Entomol. 15(1):190–194
------- adult feeding only.
Oncometopia orbona (ONCMUN) Host
* Turner WF (1959) Life histories and behavior of five insect vectors of phony peach disease. Technical Bulletin no. 1188. US Department of Agriculture. 28 pp.
------- as food plant of Oncometopia undata.
Opogona sacchari (OPOGSC) Host
* Oldham JN (1928) Hieroxestis subcervinella, Wlk., an enemy of the banana in the Canary Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 19(2), 147-166. 
-------"the number of maize plants which were infected was very small".
Pantoea ananatis (ERWIAN) Host
* Cui L, Zou C, Zhang Z, Duan L, Huang J, Wang L, Xiao W, Yang X, Xiang Y, Li W, Li X (2023) First report of maize white spot disease caused by Pantoea ananatis in China. Plant Disease 107(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-22-0152-PDN

* Goszczynska T, Botha WJ, Venter SN, Coutinho TA (2004) Isolation and identification of the causal agent of brown stalk rot, a new disease of maize in South Africa. Plant Disease 91(6), 711-718.

* Toaza A, Caiza RB, Garrido A, Moreno C, Guevara JL, Regalado H, Ramos L, Flores F, Garrido P (2021) First report of Pantoea ananatis causing leaf spot disease of maize in Ecuador. Plant Disease 105(10), 3286. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-21-0298-PDN
Perkinsiella saccharicida (PERKSA) Host
Peronosclerospora maydis (PRSCMA) Host
Peronosclerospora sorghi (PRSCSO) Host
Peronosclerospora spontanea (SCLPST) Host
Physoderma maydis (PHYDMA) Host
Platynota stultana (PLAAST) Host
* Hoover GA, Biddinger DJ (2014) Omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Penn State Extension Pest Alert. https://ento.psu.edu/files/omnivorous-leafroller/view

* Powell JA (1983) Expanding geographical and ecological range of Platynota stultana in California. Pan–Pacific Entomologist 59, 233–239.
Plesiommata mollicella (PLSOMO) Host
* Defea, B, Paradell, SL, de Remes Lenicov, AM (2017) Genus Plesiommata Provancher (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Argentina: first detailed description of the female genitalia and comparisons with its neotropical congeners. Austral Entomology 56, 64-69.
Poophilus costalis (POOPCO) Host
* Agboyi LK, Agboton C, Komlan W, Brimah H, Manuele T (2016) La cicadelle ecumeuse Poophilus costalis (Walker), une nouvelle menace pour la production de maïs (Zea mays) au Togo: écologie, dynamique de sa population et agents de lutte biologique endogènes. Poster presented a t a Conference (Journées Scientifiques Internationales de Lomé).
Pyricularia oryzae (PYRIOR) Host
Reptalus panzeri (REPTPA) Host
Rhabdoscelus obscurus (SPPHOB) Host
Robbsia andropogonis (PSDMAD) Host
Sclerophthora macrospora (SCPHMA) Host
Spodoptera eridania (PRODER) Host
* Montezano DG, Specht A, Sosa-Gomez DR, Roque-Specht VF & de Barros NM (2014) Immature stages of Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): developmental parameters and host plants. Journal of Insect Science 14, 238. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieu300
Spodoptera mauritia (SPODMA) Host
Spodoptera ornithogalli (PRODOR) Host
* Brito R, Specht A, Gonçalves GL, Moreira GRP, Carneiro E, Santos FL, Roque-Specht VF, Mielke OHH, Casagrande MM (2019) Spodoptera marima: a new synonym of Spodoptera ornithogalli (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on adult morphology, host plant use and genetic variation along its geographic range. Neotropical Entomology 48(3), 433-448.

* Capinera JL (2017) Yellowstriped Armyworm, Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida /IFAS Extension, EENY216, 4p. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN37300.pdf

* Comstock JA (1965) Ciclo biologico de Prodenia ornithogalli Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoologia 36, 199-202.

* Coto D, Saunders JL, Vargas-S CL, King ABS (1995) Plagas invertebradas de cultivos tropicales con énfasis em América Central-Um invetário. Turrialba, CATIE, 200 pp.

* Crumb SE (1929) Tobacco cutworms. USDA Technical Bulletin 88, p 179.

* Poveda BD, Schwitzer DA (1964) Estudio biológico del Prodenia ornithogalli Guen. y del Prodenia sunia (Guen.) en três hospedeiros. Acta Agronômica 14(1), 71-101.

* Rings RW, Musick GJ (1976) A pictorial field key to the armyworms and cutworms attacking corn in the north central States.  Research Circular, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center no. 221, 36 pp.

* Robinson GS, Ackery PR, Kitching IJ, Beccaloni GW, Hernández LM (2010) HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts
Spodoptera praefica (PRODPR) Host
* British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture. Western yellowstriped armyworm (Spodoptera praefica). https://rdno.civicweb.net/document/127358/western-yellowstriped-armyworm.pdf?handle=3CD053B4F8D54F9CBB93F8D6D5572C27

* University of California. Agriculture & Natural Resources. UC IPM. Maize. Western yellowstriped armyworm. http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r113300811.html
Striga asiatica (STRLU) Host
Tapajosa rubromarginata (TAPARU) Host
* Paradell SL, Virla EG, Logarzo GA, Dellapé G (2012) Proconiini Sharpshooters of Argentina, with notes on its distribution, host plants, and natural enemies. Journal of Insect Science 12, 116. http://www.insectscience.org/12.116

* Remes Lenicov AMM, Virla E, Manca M (1998) Difusión de Tapajosa rubromarginata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) sobre cultivos cerealeros de la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina 57(1-4), 18.
Thrips hawaiiensis (THRIHA) Host
* Sartiami D, Mound LA (2013) Identification of the terebrantian thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) associated with cultivated plants in Java, Indonesia. ZooKeys 306, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.306.5455
------- Collected from this plant in Java (Indonesia).
Thrips palmi (THRIPL) Host
* Elizondo AI, Murguido CA, Pérez I, Piedra F, Peña E, Martínez M, Martell M, de los Ángeles Fernández M, Sariol H, Rodríguez S, Jiménez R, Granda G, Palacios F (2003) Thrips palmi Karny en la agricultura cubana. Fitosanidad 7(2), 1-9.
Thrips parvispinus (THRIPV) Host
* Sartiami D, Mound LA (2013) Identification of the terebrantian thrips (Insecta, Thysanoptera) associated with cultivated plants in Java, Indonesia. ZooKeys 306, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.306.5455
------- Collected from this plant in Java (Indonesia).
Trichoderma afroharzianum (TRCDAF) Host
Trichoderma afroharzianum is associated with various substrates (e.g. soil, roots, fungi) and is sued as a biocontrol agent. However, in some cases, it has been associated with symptoms of ear rot on maize.

* Pfordt A, Schiwek S, Karlovsky P, von Tiedemann A (2020) Trichoderma afroharzianum ear rot – A new disease on maize in Europe. Frontiers in Agronomy 2, 547758. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2020.547758

* Sanna M, Pugliese M, Gullino ML, Mezzalama M (2022) First report of Trichoderma afroharzianum causing seed rot on maize in Italy. Plant Disease (early view). https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-21-2697-PDN
Trichodorus viruliferus (TRIHVI) Host
Trogoderma granarium (TROGGA) Host
Tylenchorhynchus claytoni (TYLRCL) Host
Xanthomonas vasicola pv. holcicola (XANTHO) Host
* Bradbury JF (1986) Guide to plant pathogenic bacteria. CAB International, Wallingford (GB).
Xiphinema californicum (XIPHCA) Host
* Alkemade JRM, Loof PAA (1990) The genus Xiphinema cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Perú. Revue de Nématologie 13, 339-348.
Alphanucleorhabdovirus zeairanense (MIRMV0) Major host
Aphelenchoides besseyi (APLOBE) Major host
* Bridge J, Plowright RA, Peng D (2005) Nematode parasites of rice. In: Plant parasitic nematodes in subtropical and tropical agriculture (eds Luc M, Sikora RA, Bridge J), pp. 87-130.
Bipolaris zeicola (COCHCA) Major host
* Lu C, Wu Y, Ho H, Mao Z, He Y (2014) Identification of races and mating types of Cochliobolus carbonum from corn in the Yunnan province in China. Journal of Phytopathology 162(5), 313-321.
Busseola fusca (BUSSFU) Major host
'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (PHYPSO) Major host
* Genov N, Mitrovic J, Genov M, Duduk B (2014) First report of corn reddening caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' in Bulgaria. Plant Disease 98(7), p 991.

* Kovacevic M, Ðuric Z, Jovic J, Perkovic G, Lolic B, Hrncic S, Toševski I,Delic D (2014) First report of stolbur phytoplasma associated with maize redness disease of maize in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Plant Disease 98(3), p 418.

* Quaglino F, Zhao Y, Casati P, Bulgari D, Bianco PA, Wei W, Davis RE (2013) ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, a novel taxon associated with stolbur- and bois noir-related diseases of plants. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, 2879-2894.
Chilo agamemnon (CHILAG) Major host
Chilo partellus (CHILZO) Major host
* Bayram A, Tonğa A (2015) First report of Chilo partellus in Turkey, a new invasive maize pest for Europe. Journal of Applied Entomology. doi: 10.1111/jen.12232
Clavibacter nebraskensis (CORBNE) Major host
* Webster BT, Curland RD, Hirsch CD, McNally RR, Malvick DK, Ishimaru CA (2020) Genetic diversity and phylogeny of strains of Clavibacter nebraskensis associated with recent and historic Goss's wilt epidemics in the north Central USA. Plant Patholology 69(8): 990– 1002. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13185
Claviceps gigantea (CLAVGI) Major host
Delia platura (HYLEPL) Major host
Diabrotica barberi (DIABLO) Major host
* Branson TF, Ortman EE (1967) Host range of larvae of the northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 40(3), 412-414.
------- Confirmed host.

* Oyediran IO, French BW, Clark TL, Dashiell KE, Hibbard BE (2008) Prairie grasses as hosts of the northern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Environmental Entomology 37, 247-254.
Diabrotica speciosa (DIABSC) Major host
Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (DIABUH) Major host
* Clark SM, LeDoux DG, Seeno TN, Riley EG, Gilbert AJ, Sullivan JM (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 2, 1-476.
------- Larval host.
Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata (DIABUN) Major host
* Clark SM, LeDoux DG, Seeno TN, Riley EG, Gilbert AJ, Sullivan JM (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 2, 1-476.
-------- Larval and adult host.
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (DIABVI) Major host
* Branson TF, Ortman EE (1970) The host range of larvae of the western corn rootworm: further studies. Journal of Economic Entomology 63(3), 800-803.
Diabrotica virgifera zeae (DIABVZ) Major host
* Clark SM, LeDoux DG, Seeno TN, Riley EG, Gilbert AJ, Sullivan JM (2004) Host plants of leaf beetle species occurring in the United States and Canada (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae, Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). Coleopterists Society, Special Publication 2, 615 pp.
------- Larval host.
Eoreuma loftini (EORELO) Major host
* Showler AT, Wilson BE, Reagan TE (2012) Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) injury to corn greater than to sorghum and sugarcane under field conditions. Journal of Economic Entomology 105(5), 1597-1602.
Eriophyes zealus (ERPHZE) Major host
Exomala orientalis (ANMLOR) Major host
Fijivirus cuartoense (MRCV00) Major host
* Lenardon SL, March GJ, Nome SF, Ornaghi JA (1998) Recent outbreak of ‘Mal de Rio Cuarto’ virus on corn in Argentina. Plant Disease, 82(4), p 448.
Fijivirus zeae (MRDV00) Major host
Helicoverpa zea (HELIZE) Major host
* Johnson MW, Stinner RE, Rabb RL (1975) Ovipositional response of Heliothis zea (Boddie) to its major hosts in North Carolina. Environmental Entomology 4(2), 291-297.

* Reay-Jones FPF (2019) Pest status and management of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in field corn in the United States. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 10(1) 19. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmz017
Heterodera zeae (HETDZE) Major host
* Koshy PK, Swarup G, Sethi CI (1970) Heterodera zeae n.sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a cyst forming species on Zea mays. Nematologica 16, 511-516.
Heteronychus arator (HETRAR) Major host
* Abdallah M, Mwatawala MW, Kudra AB (2016) Abundance and dispersal of Heteronychus arator (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in maize fields under different fertilizer treatments. SpringerPlus 5, 179. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1847-8

* Drinkwater TW, Groenewald LH (1994) Comparison of imidacloprid and furathiocarb seed dressing insecticides for the control of the black maize beetle, Heteronychus arator Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in maize. Crop Protection, 13(6), 421-424
Laodelphax striatellus (CALGMA) Major host
Listronotus bonariensis (HYROBO) Major host
* Kain WM & Barker MA (1966) Argentine stem weevil: a pest of maize: Proceedings of the 19th Weed and Pest Control Conference, pp. 180-185.   Sigma Print, Petone, Dunedin, New Zealand
------- Severe damage in crops following infested pasture.

* Morrone JJ (2011) Annotated checklist of the tribe Listroderini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Cyclominae). Zootaxa 3119, 1-68.
Maize mottle/chlorotic stunt virus (MMCSV0) Major host
Mastrevirus storeyi (MSV000) Major host
* Santa Cruz FC, Domalanta JC,Minguez, LT, Nieto FGM, Alviar KB (2024) First report of maize streak virus affecting maize in the Philippines. New Disease Reports 50, e12302. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12302

* Thottappilly G, Bosque-Perez NA, Rossel HW (1993) Viruses and virus diseases of maize in tropical Africa. Plant Pathology 42(4), 494-509.
Melanotus communis (MELNCO) Major host
* Riley T, Keaster A, Enns W (1974) Four species of wireworms of the genus Melanotus associated with corn in Missouri. Journal of Economic Entomology 67(6),  793. 
Orgyia leucostigma (HEMELE) Major host
* Belton EM (1988) Lepidoptera on fruit crops in Canada, Simon Fraser University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Pest Management Program, Burnaby, BC. 105 pp.

* Heppner JB (2003) Lepidoptera of Florida. Part 1. Introduction and catalog. Volume 17 of Arthropods of Florida and neighboring land areas. Division of Plant Industry. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Gainesville, Florida. 670 pp.

* Robinson GS, Ackery PR, Kitching IJ, Beccaloni GW & Hernández LM (2010) HOST - A database of the world's Lepidopteran hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. https://www.nhm.ac.uk (Accessed on 7 December 2020 and 21 March 2021)

* Webster RL (1916) The white-marked tussock-moth. Circular. Paper 33. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/iaes_circulars/39
Ostrinia nubilalis (PYRUNU) Major host
Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (ERWIST) Major host
* Roper MC (2011) Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii : lessons learned from a xylem‐dwelling pathogen of sweet corn. Molecular Plant Pathology, 12, 628–637.
Peronosclerospora philippinensis (PRSCPH) Major host
Peronosclerospora sacchari (PRSCSA) Major host
Phyllachora maydis (PHYRMA) Major host
* Valle-Torres J, Ross TJ, Plewa D, Avellaneda MC, Check J, Chilvers MI, Cruz AP, Dalla Lana F, Groves C, Gongora-Canul C, Henriquez-Dole L, Jamann T, Kleczewski N, Lipps S, Malvick D, McCoy AG, Mueller DS, Paul PA, Puerto C, Schloemer C, Raid RN, Robertson A, Roggenkamp EM, Smith DL, Telenko DEP, Cruz CD (2020) Tar spot: An understudied disease threatening corn production in the Americas. Plant Disease 104(10), 2541-2550.
Popillia japonica (POPIJA) Major host
* Fleming WE (1972) Biology of the Japanese beetle. Technical Bulletin, Agricultural Research Service, USDA no 1449, 129 pp.
Potyvirus sacchari (SCMV00) Major host
* Jiang J, Zhou X (2002) Maize dwarf mosaic disease in different regions of China is caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus . Archives of Virology 147, 2437–2443.
Prostephanus truncatus (PROETR) Major host
* Muatinte BL, Van den berg J (2019) Suitability of Wild Host Plants and Firewood as Hosts of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Mozambique. Journal of Economic Entomology 112(4), 1705–1712, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz042
------- confirmed host
Punctodera chalcoensis (PUNCCH) Major host
Sclerophthora rayssiae (SCPHRZ) Major host
Serratia marcescens (SERRMA) Major host
Sesamia calamistis (SESACA) Major host
Sesamia cretica (SESACR) Major host
Sesamia uniformis (SESAUN) Major host
Spiroplasma kunkelii (SPIRKU) Major host
* Barontini JM, Malavera AP, Ferrer M, Torrico AK, Maurino MF, Giménez Pecci MP (2021) Infection with Spiroplasma kunkelii on temperate and tropical x temperate maize in Argentina and development of a tool to evaluate germplasm. European Journal of Plant Pathology 162, 455–463.

* Carloni E, Carpane P, Paradell S, Laguna I, Giménez Pecci MP (2013) Presence of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and of Spiroplasma kunkelii in the Temperate Region of Argentina. Journal of Economic Entomology 106(4), 1574-1581.

* Nault LR (1980) Maize bushy stunt and corn stunt: a comparison of disease symptoms, pathogen host ranges, and vectors. Phytopathology 70,  659–662.

* Smith D, Niederhauser J (1958) Occurrence of corn stunt virus in Central America and Colombia. Plant Disease Reporter 42, p 152.
Spodoptera exempta (LAPHEX) Major host
Spodoptera frugiperda (LAPHFR) Major host
* Maruthadurai R, Ramesh R (2020) Occurrence, damage pattern and biology of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on fodder crops and green amaranth in Goa, India. Phytoparasitica 18(1), 15-23.

* Montezano DG, Specht A, Sosa-Gómez DR, Roque-Specht VF, Sousa-Silva JC, Paula-Moraes SV, Peterson JA, Hunt T (2018) Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African Entomology 26, 286-300.

* Nurkomar I, Trisnawati DW, Fahmi F, Buchori D (2023) Survival, development, and fecundity of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on various host plant species and their Implication for pest management. Insects 14(7), 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070629
--------- Laboratory experiments conducted in Indonesia, maize was found to be the most suitable host.
Spodoptera littoralis (SPODLI) Major host
* George D, Babalola OO, Gatehouse AMR (2011) Differential protein expression in maize (Zea mays) in response to insect attack. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(39), 7700-7709.

* Salama HS, Dimetry NZ, Salem SA (1970) On the host preference and biology of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis Bois. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 67(1-4), 261–266.
Spodoptera litura (PRODLI) Major host
* Ahmad M, Ghaffar A, Rafiq M (2013) Host plants of leaf worm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology 1(1), 23-28.
Stenocarpella macrospora (DIPDMC) Major host
Stenocarpella maydis (DIPDMA) Major host
* Sutton BC, Waterston JM (1966) Diplodia maydis. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 84. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
Tenuivirus zeae (MSPV00) Major host
Thaumatotibia leucotreta (ARGPLE) Major host
* Ndemah R & Schulthess F (2002) Yield of maize in relation to natural field infestations and damage by lepidopteran borers in the forest and forest/savanna transition zones of Cameroon. Insect Science and its Application. 22: 3, 183-192.

* Reed W (1974) The false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta Mayr. (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) as a pest of cotton in Uganda. Cotton Growing Review 51: 213-225.