Chloridea virescens (HELIVI)[Host plants]| EPPO Global Database

Chloridea virescens(HELIVI)

Hosts

Important note about the classification of host plants in GD:
Categories have been assigned by the EPPO Secretariat on the basis of available data at the time of entry. They correspond to a qualitative evaluation of the importance of the host plant for the pest concerned and remain indicative only.
Further explanation of categories is available in the guide.

	Organism	Type
	Cicer arietinum (CIEAR)	Major host
* Alvarez Hernández U, Pérez García L, González Pérez M, Cruz Limonte A, Gómez Sousa J, Alvarez Medero JM (2010) Biología de Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) en garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.). Centro Agrícola 37(3), 89-92. * Blanco CA, Terán-Vargas AP, López JD, Kauffman JV, Wei X (2007) Densities of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in three plant hosts. Florida Entomologist 90(4), 742-750. * Borella Júnior C, Correa F, Silva AR, Siqueira APS, Nascimento WM, Almeida ACS, Jesus FG (2022) Resistance of chickpea cultivars to Chloridea virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Acta Scientiarum - Agronomy 44, e54619. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Pérez JC, Suris M (2012) Ciclo de vida y reproducción de Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) sobre garbanzo. Rev. Protección Veg. 27(2), 85-89. ------- true host * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Glycine max (GLXMA)	Major host
* Domingues FA, Silva-Brandão KL, Abreu AG, Perera OP, Blanco CA, Cônsoli FL, Omoto C (2012) Genetic structure and gene flow among Brazilian populations of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 105(6), 2136-2146. * Eduardo WI, Boiça Júnior AL, Oliveira Moraes RF, Sardinha Souza BH, Louvandini H, Barbosa JC (2020) Protocol for assessing soybean antixenosis to Heliothis virescens. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata (IF 1.9) 10.1111/eea.12997. * Fidelis EG, Negrini M, Pereira RS (2019) Manejo Integrado de Lagartas-Praga da Soja em Roraima. Comunicado Técnico 87, Boa Vista, RR ISSN 1980-4032. 11 pp. Fitt GP (1989) The cology of Heliothis species in relation to agroecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology 34, 17-52. * Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Gossypium hirsutum (GOSHI)	Major host
* Blanco CA, Teran-Vargas AP, Lopez JD, Kauffman JV, Wei X (2007) Densities of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in three plant hosts. Florida Entomologist 90(4), 742-750. * Blanco CA (2012) Heliothis virescens and Bt cotton in the United States. GM Crops & Food 3(3), 201-212. * Blanco CA, Terán-Vargas AP, Abel CA, Portilla M, Rojas MG, Morales-Ramos J, Snodgrass GL (2008) Plant Host Effect on the Development of Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 37(6), 1538-1547. * Domingues FA, Silva-Brandão KL, Abreu AG, Perera OP, Blanco CA, Cônsoli FL, Omoto C (2012) Genetic structure and gene flow among Brazilian populations of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 105(6), 2136-2146. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Miranda JE (2010) Manejo integradode pragas do algodoeiro no cerrado brasileiros. Circular Técnica 131. 37 pp. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Nicotiana tabacum (NIOTA)	Major host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * Fitt GP (1989) The ecology of Heliothis species in relation to agroecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology 34, 17-52. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Rodríguez-Espinosa FL, Santana-Baños Y, Martínez-Rivero MA, Gómez-Leyva JF (2018b) Variabilidad en patrones de coloración y ornamentación larval de Chloridea virescens (Fabricius) en diferentes plantas hospedantes. Revista de Protección Vegetal 33(2), 8 pp. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Solanum lycopersicum (LYPES)	Major host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Pratissoli D, Oliveira HN, Espindula MC, Magevski CSOKA (2006) Ocorrência da lagarta-da-maçã-do-algodoeiro em frutos de tomateiro no estado do Espírito Santo. Horticultura Brasileira 24, 204-205. * Tucker RWE (1952) The insects of Barbados. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 36(4), 330-363. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host.
	Abelmoschus esculentus (ABMES)	Host
* Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA * Snow JW, Brazzel JR (1965) Seasonal host activity of the bollworm and tobacco budworm during 1963 in Northeast Mississippi Bulletins 712. Mississippi State University. 24 pp. ------- several generations on the plant * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Abutilon theophrasti (ABUTH)	Host
* Blanco CA, Teran-Vargas AP, Lopez JD, Kauffman JV, Wei X (2007) Densities of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in three plant hosts. Florida Entomologist 90(4), 742-750. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Abutilon trisulcatum (ABUTR)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Abutilon viscosum (ABUVS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------ as Bastardia viscosa * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Acalypha alopecuroides (ACCAL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Acalypha infesta (ACCIF)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. ------- one observation of larvae feeding on the plant * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Acalypha persimilis (ACCOS)	Host
* Allen KC, Elkins BH, Little NS (2024) Acalypha ostryifolia: a natural refuge for Chloridea virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Southern United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 117(1), 44-48. ------- as Acalypha ostryfolia * Sudbrink DL, Grant JF (1995) Wild Host Plants of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Eastern Tennessee. Environmental Entomology 24(5), 1080-1085. ------- as Acalypha ostryaefolia. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Acalypha sp. (ACCSS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Acanthospermum hispidum (ACNHI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Aeschynomene americana (AESAM)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Aeschynomene ciliata (AESCI)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Aeschynomene rudis (AESRU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Ageratum sp. (AGESS)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- common pest of ageratum. * Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Alcea rosea (ALGRO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Althaea rosea. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Antirrhinum majus (ATHMM)	Host
* Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. ------- frequent damage to buds, flowers, and seeds pods * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Antirrhinum sp. (ATHSS)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- common pest of snapdragon. * Cranshaw WS (2020) Tobacco (Geranium) Budworm. Fact Sheet 5.581. Colorado State University Extension. Available at: extension.colostate.edu * Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Arachis hypogaea (ARHHY)	Host
* De Tomás CL, Peralta QK (1994) Heliothis virescens comp plaga del manzano en el Valle de Mala. Revista Peruana De Entolomogía, 36(1), 89-90. * Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Asparagus officinalis (ASPOF)	Host
* Castillo-Valiente J, Pesantes A (2004) Ciclo biológico de Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) en tres cultivares de espárrago (Asparagus officinalis Linnaeus), bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Rev. per. Ent. 44, 135-137. * Córdova Vega PM (2015) Fluctuacion poblacional de los insectos plaga en el cultivo de espárrago Asparagus officinalis, en Chincha. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru. Tesis, Ingeniero Agrónomo. 117 pp. * Núñez Sacarías de Dioses EY, Pereyra Colchado M (2021). Morfología de huevos y larvas de primer estadio de Lepidoptera en turiones de espárrago peruano. Revista Peruana De Entolomogía, 52(1 &2), 9-26. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Brassica carinata (BRSCA)	Host
* Baldwin JM, Paula-Moraes SV, Mulvaney MJ, Meagher RL (2021) Occurrence of arthropod pests associated with Brassica carinata and impact of defoliation on yield. GCB Bioenergy 13, 570-581. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Brassica oleracea (BRSOX)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Brassica oleracea var. capitata (BRSOL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Brassica oleracea var. viridis (BRSOA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Brassica oleracea var. acephala. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cajanus cajan (CAJCA)	Host
* Guzmán R, Denis López L, Taveras R (2018) Mosca asiática, Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), sus enemigos naturales y otras plagas asociadas al cultivo del guandul en R.D. pp. 53-66 In Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales (CONIAF). Socialización de Resultados de Investigación en Manejo Integrado de Plagas. Cepeda Ureña., J. (Ed.). Santo Domingo. DO. 104 pp. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Korytkowski CA, Torres BM (1966) Insectos que Atacan al Cultivo del Frijol de Palo (Cajanus cajan) en el Perú. Revista Peruana De Entolomogía, 9(1), 3–9. * Viteri DM, Sarmiento L, Linares AM, Cabrera I (2019) Efficacy of biological control agents, synthetic insecticides, and their combinations to control tobacco budworm [Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] in pigeon pea. Crop Protection 122, 175-179. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Calendula officinalis (CLDOF)	Host
* Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Calopogonium mucunoides (CLOMU)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Camonea umbellata (MRRUM)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Merremia umbellata * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Caperonia palustris (CNPPA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Capsicum annuum (CPSAN)	Host
* Blanco CA, Rosario-Lebron A, O’Donnell CA, Portilla M, Gullbronson C, Mowery J, Smith-Pardo AH, Stocks I, Nadel H, Trozzo LR, Haslem PS, Young JD, Downes S, Parker T, Walsh T, Tay WT, Oppenheim S (2019) Improving Risk Assessment of Noctuid Pests at North American Ports and Farms by Differentiating Egg Morphology. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 112(5), 443-450. ------- citing Payne & Polles (1974). * Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Carya illinoinensis (CYAIL)	Host
* Blanco CA, Rosario-Lebron A, O’Donnell CA, Portilla M, Gullbronson C, Mowery J, Smith-Pardo AH, Stocks I, Nadel H, Trozzo LR, Haslem PS, Young JD, Downes S, Parker T, Walsh T, Tay WT, Oppenheim S (2019) Improving Risk Assessment of Noctuid Pests at North American Ports and Farms by Differentiating Egg Morphology. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 112(5), 443-450. ------- citing Payne & Polles (1974). * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cassia patellaria (CASPA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Cassia patellaria * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cassia reticulata (CASRE)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Cassia reticulata. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Castilleja indivisa (CSLIN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- As Castilleta indivisa. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cenchrus americanus (PESGL)	Host
* Blanco CA, Rosario-Lebron A, O’Donnell CA, Portilla M, Gullbronson C, Mowery J, Smith-Pardo AH, Stocks I, Nadel H, Trozzo LR, Haslem PS, Young JD, Downes S, Parker T, Walsh T, Tay WT, Oppenheim S (2019) Improving Risk Assessment of Noctuid Pests at North American Ports and Farms by Differentiating Egg Morphology. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 112(5), 443-450. ------- as Pennisetum glaucum. Citing Martin et al. (1976). * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Chamaecrista nictitans (CASNI)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Chamaecrista rotundifolia (CASRO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Cassia rotundifolia * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Chenopodium quinoa (CHEQU)	Host
* Cruces LMN (2022) Towards an integrated pest management in quinoa in traditional and new production zones of Peru. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 230 pp. * FAO (2016) Guía de identificación y control de las principales plagas que afectan a la quinua en la zona andina. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, Santiago. 41 pp. Available from https://www.fao.org * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Chrysanthemum sp. (CHYSS)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Cichorium intybus (CICIN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Citrullus lanatus (CITLA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Citrullus vulgaris * Romani IS (2019) Fluctuación poblacional de los principales insectos fitófagos en el cultivo de sandía en el valle de Ica. MSc Thesis. Universidad de la Molina. 149 pp. Tesis, Magister Scientiae en Entomologia. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Cleome spinosa (CLESP)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Snow JW, Brazzel JR (1965) Seasonal host activity of the bollworm and tobacco budworm during 1963 in Northeast Mississippi Bulletins 712. Mississippi State University. 24 pp. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Corchorus orinocensis (CRGOR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cordia globosa (CRHGL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Coronilla varia (CZRVA)	Host
* Sudbrink DL (1991) Wild and cultivated host plants of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) in eastern Tennessee. Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1991. * Sudbrink DL, Grant JF (1995) Wild Host Plants of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Eastern Tennessee. Environmental Entomology 24(5), 1080-1085. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Croptilon divaricatum (CZVDI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Haplopappus divaricatus * Snow JW, Brazzel JR (1965) Seasonal host activity of the bollworm and tobacco budworm during 1963 in Northeast Mississippi Bulletins 712. Mississippi State University. 24 pp. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Crotalaria pallida (CVTPL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Crotalaria retusa (CVTRE)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Crotalaria sp. (CVTSS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Croton hirtus (CVNHI)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Ctenodon brasilianus (CDKBR)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. ------- Eggs and larvae found on the plant * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Aeschynomene brasiliana * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cucumis melo (CUMME)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cucurbita maxima (CUUMA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cucurbita pepo (CUUPE)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- as squash. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. ------- as squash. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Cydonia oblonga (CYDOB)	Host
* De Tomás CL, Peralta QK (1994) Heliothis virescens comp plaga del manzano en el Valle de Mala. Revista Peruana De Entolomogía 36(1), 89-90. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Dalea pogonathera (DLEPO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Desmodium canescens (DEDCN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Meibomia canescens. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Desmodium incanum (DEDCA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Desmodium canum. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Desmodium obtusum (DEDOB)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Desmodium rigidum * Snow JW, Brazzel JR (1965) Seasonal host activity of the bollworm and tobacco budworm during 1963 in Northeast Mississippi Bulletins 712. Mississippi State University. 24 pp. ------- as Desmodium rigidum * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Desmodium scorpiurus (DEDSC)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. ------- eggs and larvae. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Desmodium strictum (DEDSR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Meibomia stricta * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Desmodium tortuosum (DEDTO)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Hallman GJ (1985) Comparison and contrast of cotton and Desmodium tortuosum as hosts of Heliothis virescens. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 6(5), 573-578. ------- preferred host in Colombia after cotton * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Desmodium purpureum * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Distimake cissoides (MRRCI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Merremia cissoides * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Eirmocephala brachiata (EIHBR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Vernonia brachiata * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Erigeron canadensis (ERICA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Funastrum clausum (FUSCL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Galactia tenuiflora (GACTE)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Galactia striata. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Galinsoga quadriradiata (GASCI)	Host
* Sudbrink DL, Grant JF (1995) Wild Host Plants of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Eastern Tennessee. Environmental Entomology 24(5), 1080-1085. ------- As Galinsoga ciliata. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Gardenia sp. (GADSS)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- common pest of gardenia. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Geranium carolinianum (GERCA)	Host
* Blanco CA, Terán-Vargas AP, Abel CA, Portilla M, Rojas MG, Morales-Ramos J, Snodgrass GL (2008) Plant Host Effect on the Development of Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 37(6), 1538-1547. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Pair SD (1994) Japanese Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae): Newly Discovered Host of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 23(4) 906-911. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Geranium dissectum (GERDI)	Host
* Blanco CA, Terán-Vargas AP, Abel CA, Portilla M, Rojas MG, Morales-Ramos J, Snodgrass GL (2008) Plant Host Effect on the Development of Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 37(6), 1538-1547. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Landolt PJ (2008) New geographic records for tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Pacific Northwest. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 84(3), 246-248. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Geranium maculatum (GERMA)	Host
* Landolt PJ (2008) New geographic records for tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Pacific Northwest. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 84(3), 246-248. ------- citing Tietz (1972) * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Helianthus annuus (HELAN)	Host
* Fitt GP (1989) The cology of Heliothis species in relation to agroecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology 34, 17-52. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Heliotropium indicum (HEOIN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Heterotheca subaxillaris (HTTSU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Hibiscus moscheutos (HIBMO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (HIBRS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Hibiscus sp. (HIBSS)	Host
* Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Hyptis suaveolens (HPYSU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Indigofera hirsuta (INDHI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. ------- eggs and larvae. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Indigofera suffruticosa (INDAN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Indigofera anil. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Ipomoea cordatotriloba (IPOTC)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Ipomoea commutata. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Ipomoea hederacea (IPOHE)	Host
* Sudbrink DL (1991) Wild and cultivated host plants of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) in eastern Tennessee. Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1991. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Ipomoea nil (IPONI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Ipomoea purpurea (PHBPU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Ipomoea triloba (IPOTR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. ------- eggs and larvae. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Jacquemontia sp. (IAQSS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Jacquemontia tamnifolia (IAQTA)	Host
* Brazzel JR (1953) Bollworm and tobacco budworm as cotton pests in Louisiana and Arkansas. LSU Agricultural Experiment Station Reports. 51. * Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Lablab purpureus (DOLLA)	Host
* Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Lactuca sativa (LACSA)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * UC IPM (2017) Lettuce. Pest Management Guidelines for Agriculture. Publication 3450. University of California. 113 pp. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Lagascea mollis (LAGMO)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Lathyrus hirsutus (LTHHI)	Host
* Blanco CA, Rosario-Lebron A, O’Donnell CA, Portilla M, Gullbronson C, Mowery J, Smith-Pardo AH, Stocks I, Nadel H, Trozzo LR, Haslem PS, Young JD, Downes S, Parker T, Walsh T, Tay WT, Oppenheim S (2019) Improving Risk Assessment of Noctuid Pests at North American Ports and Farms by Differentiating Egg Morphology. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 112(5), 443-450. ------- citing Kogan (1989) * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Lathyrus odoratus (LTHOD)	Host
* Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. ------- larvae recovered from the plant * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. ------- eggs and slight injury to blossoms * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Leonotis nepetaefolia var. africana (LEONA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Lespedeza bicolor (LESBI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Linum usitatissimum (LIUUT)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Ventura MU, Roberto SR, Hoshino AT, Carvalho MG, Hata FT, Genta W (2016) First record of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damaging table grape bunches. Florida Entomologist 98(2), 783-786. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Lonicera japonica (LONJA)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Pair SD (1994) Japanese Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae): Newly Discovered Host of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 23(4) 906-911. ------- important early and late season host * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Lupinus sp. (LUPSS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Lupinus texensis (LUPTX)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Malachra alceifolia (MAAAL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Malus domestica (MABSD)	Host
* De Tomás CL, Peralta QK (1994) Heliothis virescens comp plaga del manzano en el Valle de Mala. Revista Peruana De Entolomogía, 36(1), 89-90. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Malva neglecta (MALNE)	Host
* Sudbrink DL, Grant JF (1995) Wild Host Plants of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Eastern Tennessee. Environmental Entomology 24(5), 1080-1085. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Malva parviflora (MALPA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Malvastrum americanum (MAVAM)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Malvastrum spicatum. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Malvastrum coromandelianum (MAVCO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Medicago arabica (MEDAB)	Host
* Blanco CA, Terán-Vargas AP, Abel CA, Portilla M, Rojas MG, Morales-Ramos J, Snodgrass GL (2008) Plant Host Effect on the Development of Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 37(6), 1538-1547. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Medicago lupulina (MEDLU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Snow JW, Brazzel JR (1965) Seasonal host activity of the bollworm and tobacco budworm during 1963 in Northeast Mississippi Bulletins 712. Mississippi State University. 24 pp. * Sudbrink DL (1991) Wild and cultivated host plants of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) in eastern Tennessee. Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1991. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/6969 * Sudbrink DL, Grant JF (1995) Wild Host Plants of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Eastern Tennessee. Environmental Entomology 24(5), 1080-1085. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Medicago polymorpha (MEDPO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Medicago hispida. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Medicago sativa (MEDSA)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Ventura MU, Roberto SR, Hoshino AT, Carvalho MG, Hata FT, Genta W (2016) First record of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damaging table grape bunches. Florida Entomologist 98(2), 783-786. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Melilotus albus (MEUAL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Melochia pyramidata (MEOPY)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Mimosa diplotricha (MIMIN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Mimosa invisa * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Mimosa pigra (MIMPI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Mimosa somnians (MIMSO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Mucuna deeringiana (MUCDE)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Stizolobium deeringianum * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nicandra physalodes (NICPH)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. ------- several green fruit containing larvae. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nicotiana alata (NIOAL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Jackson DM, Nottingham SF, Schlotzhauer WS, Horvat RJ, Sisson VA, Stephenson MG, Foard T, McPherson RM (1996) Abundance of Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Nicotiana species (Solanaceae). Environmental Entomology 25(5), 1248-1255. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nicotiana debneyi (NIODE)	Host
* Jackson DM, Nottingham SF, Schlotzhauer WS, Horvat RJ, Sisson VA, Stephenson MG, Foard T, McPherson RM (1996) Abundance of Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Nicotiana species (Solanaceae). Environmental Entomology 25(5), 1248-1255. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nicotiana glutinosa (NIOGT)	Host
* Jackson DM, Nottingham SF, Schlotzhauer WS, Horvat RJ, Sisson VA, Stephenson MG, Foard T, McPherson RM (1996) Abundance of Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Nicotiana species (Solanaceae). Environmental Entomology 25(5), 1248-1255. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nicotiana kawakamii (NIOKA)	Host
* Jackson DM, Nottingham SF, Schlotzhauer WS, Horvat RJ, Sisson VA, Stephenson MG, Foard T, McPherson RM (1996) Abundance of Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Nicotiana species (Solanaceae). Environmental Entomology 25(5), 1248-1255. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nicotiana paniculata (NIOPA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. ------- eggs and larvae on several plants. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nicotiana repanda (NIORE)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Nicotiana rustica (NIORU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nicotiana x sanderi (NIOSA)	Host
* Jackson DM, Nottingham SF, Schlotzhauer WS, Horvat RJ, Sisson VA, Stephenson MG, Foard T, McPherson RM (1996) Abundance of Cardiochiles nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Nicotiana species (Solanaceae). Environmental Entomology 25(5), 1248-1255. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Nuttallanthus canadensis (LINCA)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Linaria canadensis. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Nuttallanthus texanus (LINTX)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Linaria canadensis var. texana. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Origanum vulgare (ORIVU)	Host
* Flores Mego TY (2021) Identificación de insectos fitófagos y controladores biológicos asociados al cultivo de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) en la zona baja del Valle de Tacna, sector La Yarada, periodo 2019. Thesis. Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Peru. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Passiflora foetida (PAQFO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Paulownia tomentosa (PAZTO)	Host
* Blanco CA, Terán-Vargas AP, Abel CA, Portilla M, Rojas MG, Morales-Ramos J, Snodgrass GL (2008) Plant Host Effect on the Development of Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 37(6), 1538-1547. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Pavonia sp. (PVASS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Pelargonium peltatum (PELPE)	Host
* Cranshaw WS (2020) Tobacco (Geranium) Budworm. Fact Sheet 5.581. Colorado State University Extension. Available at: extension.colostate.edu * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Pelargonium x hortorum (PELZO)	Host
* Cranshaw WS (2020) Tobacco (Geranium) Budworm. Fact Sheet 5.581. Colorado State University Extension. Available at: extension.colostate.edu * Landolt PJ (2008) New geographic records for tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Pacific Northwest. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 84(3), 246-248. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Penstemon laevigatus (PEELA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Persicaria pensylvanica (POLPY)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Polygonum pennsylvanicum. * Sudbrink DL (1991) Wild and cultivated host plants of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) in eastern Tennessee. Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1991. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Petunia integrifolia (PEUIN)	Host
* Landolt PJ (2008) New geographic records for tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Pacific Northwest. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist 84(3), 246-248. ------- as Petunia violacea. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Petunia sp. (PEUSS)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Cranshaw WS (2020) Tobacco (Geranium) Budworm. Fact Sheet 5.581. Colorado State University Extension. Available at: extension.colostate.edu * Davidson NA, Kinsey MG, Ehler LE, Frankie GW (1992) Tobacco budworm, pest of petunias, can be managed with Bt. California Agriculture 46 (July-August), 79. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Phaseolus lunatus (PHSLU)	Host
* Koch CK, Waterhouse DF (2000) The Distribution and Importance of Arthropods Associated with Agriculture and Forestry in Chile. Aciar Monograph Series. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. 234 pp. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Phaseolus vulgaris (PHSVX)	Host
* Blanco CA, Rosario-Lebron A, O’Donnell CA, Portilla M, Gullbronson C, Mowery J, Smith-Pardo AH, Stocks I, Nadel H, Trozzo LR, Haslem PS, Young JD, Downes S, Parker T, Walsh T, Tay WT, Oppenheim S (2019) Improving Risk Assessment of Noctuid Pests at North American Ports and Farms by Differentiating Egg Morphology. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 112(5), 443-450. ------- citing others * CIAT (1983) Bean Annual report. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. 242 pp. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Physalis angulata (PHYAN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Physalis heterophylla (PHYHE)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Physalis lagascae (PHYLG)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Physalis peruviana (PHYPE)	Host
* NVWA (2020) Chloridea virescens. Quick scan number: QS.ENT/2020/001. 29 June 2020. National Plant Protection Organization, the Netherlands. ------- intercepted on this plant. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Physalis pubescens (PHYPU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Physalis turbinata * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Physalis sp. (PHYSS)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Physalis viscosa (PHYVI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Pisum sativum (PIBSX)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm * Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Portulaca oleracea (POROL)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Priva lappulacea (PRVLP)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Proboscidea louisianica (PROLO)	Host
* Laster ML (1995) Proboscidea louisianica: An Unreported Host of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Entomological Science 30(4):429-433. ------- true host. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Pseudelephantopus spicatus (PSESP)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (PYHCA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Rhexia alifanus (RHXAL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Rhexia mariana (RHXMA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Rhexia nashii (RHXNA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Rhynchosia edulis (RHNED)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Rhynchosia apoloensis. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Rhynchosia minima (RHNMI)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Ricinus communis (RIICO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Ruellia lorentziana. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Rosa sp. (ROSSS)	Host
* Cranshaw WS (2020) Tobacco (Geranium) Budworm. Fact Sheet 5.581. Colorado State University Extension. Available at: extension.colostate.edu ------- occasional damage. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * NCSU (2016) Baker J. Tobacco Budworm on Ornamentals. PDIC Factsheets. North Carolina State Extension. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/tobacco-budworm ------- often infested throughout the growing season. * Rodríguez-Espinosa FL, Santana-Baños Y, Martínez-Rivero MA, Gómez-Leyva JF (2018) Variabilidad en patrones de coloración y ornamentación larval de Chloridea virescens (Fabricius) en diferentes plantas hospedantes. Revista de Protección Vegetal 33(2), 8 pp. ------- in experiments, supporting complete life cycle. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Ruellia ciliatiflora (RUELO)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Ruellia lorentziana. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Ruellia runyonii (RUERU)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- among weeds that are important hosts early or late in the year * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Rumex crispus (RUMCR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Salvia misella (SALMS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Salvia riparia. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Salvia occidentalis (SALOC)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Salvia officinalis (SALOF)	Host
* Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. ------- one half-grown larva feeding on foliage. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Scoparia dulcis (SCFDU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Senna occidentalis (CASOC)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Cassia occidentalis * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Senna tora (CASTO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Cassia tora. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sesamum indicum (SEGIN)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1980) Huéspedes y enemigos naturales de Heliothis spp., en la región algodonera del Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Turrialba 30(3), 272-279. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host.
	Setaria italica (SETIT)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sicyos angulatus (SIYAN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sida abutilifolia (SIDAB)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Sida procumbens. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sida acuta (SIDAC)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sida cordifolia (SIDCO)	Host
* Hallman GJ (1984) Quantification of the relative importance of 12 uncultivated hosts of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) using field data. Insect Science and its Application 5(6), 465-468. ------- eggs and larvae. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sida glomerata (SIDGL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sida glutinosa (SIDGT)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sida rhombifolia (SIDRH)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sida spinosa (SIDSP)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Sudbrink DL (1991) Wild and cultivated host plants of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) in eastern Tennessee. Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1991. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sidastrum paniculatum (SIDPA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Sida paniculata * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Sida urens (SIDUR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Solanum carolinense (SOLCA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Solanum hirtum (SOLHT)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Solanum melongena (SOLME)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Solanum rostratum (SOLRS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Solanum sessiliflorum (SOLTP)	Host
* Anteparra M, Ruiz S, Granado L, Díaz W (2012) Entomofauna asociada con la cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) en Tingo María, Huánuco. Investigación y Amazonía 2(1-2), 51-59. ------- found feeding on flower buds and buds. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Solanum sisymbriifolium (SOLSI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Solanum torvum (SOLTO)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Solanum tuberosum (SOLTU)	Host
* Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Strelitzia reginae (STZRE)	Host
* Edde PA (2018) Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field. Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, 117-165. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Stylosanthes guianensis (STYGN)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Stylosanthes gracilis. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Tridax procumbens (TRQPR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Trifolium incarnatum (TRFIN)	Host
* Allen KC, Little NS, Perera OP (2023) Susceptibilities of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Populations From the Mississippi Delta to a Diamide Insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 116(1), 160-167. * Brazzel JR (1953) Bollworm and tobacco budworm as cotton pests in Louisiana and Arkansas. LSU Agricultural Experiment Station Reports. 51. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Pair SD (1994) Japanese Honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae): Newly Discovered Host of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 23(4), 906-911. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Trifolium pratense (TRFPR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Trifolium repens (TRFRE)	Host
* Blanco CA, Terán-Vargas AP, Abel CA, Portilla M, Rojas MG, Morales-Ramos J, Snodgrass GL (2008) Plant Host Effect on the Development of Heliothis virescens F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 37(6), 1538-1547. * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Trifolium resupinatum (TRFRS)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * Snow JW, Brazzel JR (1965) Seasonal host activity of the bollworm and tobacco budworm during 1963 in Northeast Mississippi Bulletins 712. Mississippi State University. 24 pp. ------- capable of supporting large populations, important early spring host * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Trixis cacalioides (TIXCC)	Host
* Santos-Zamorano B, Huanca-Mamani W, Vargas HA (2017) Genetic Divergence of the Pest Moth Chloridea virescens (Noctuidae: Heliothinae) Feeding on a Newly Documented Host Plant in the Atacama Desert of Northern Chile. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 71(4), 274-278. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Trixis inula (TIXRA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Trixis radialis. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Turnera ulmifolia (TURUL)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Vaccinium corymbosum (VACCO)	Host
* Narrea M, Huanuqueño E, Dilas-Jiménez J, Vergara J. (2022). Management of Chloridea virescens (Noctuidae) in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to promote sustainable cultivation in Peru: A Review. Peruvian Journal of Agronomy 6(1), 78-92. ------- important pest of blueberry in Peru. * Navarro KA (2019) Estimación de pérdidas causadas por plagas en la calidad postcosecha de Vaccinium corymbosum “arándano”. Thesis. Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Perú. 48 pp. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Verbena neomexicana (VEBNE)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- among weeds that are important hosts early or late in the year * Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Verbena sp. (VEBSS)	Host
* Blanco CA, Rosario-Lebron A, O’Donnell CA, Portilla M, Gullbronson C, Mowery J, Smith-Pardo AH, Stocks I, Nadel H, Trozzo LR, Haslem PS, Young JD, Downes S, Parker T, Walsh T, Tay WT, Oppenheim S (2019) Improving Risk Assessment of Noctuid Pests at North American Ports and Farms by Differentiating Egg Morphology. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 112(5), 443-450. * Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- common pest of verbena. * Cranshaw WS (2020) Tobacco (Geranium) Budworm. Fact Sheet 5.581. Colorado State University Extension. Available at: extension.colostate.edu ------- occasional damage. * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Vernonanthura brasiliana (VENSA)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Vernonia brasiliana. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Vicia lens (LENCU)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Vicia villosa (VICVI)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata (VIGSC)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Vigna sinensis * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Vitis vinifera (VITVI)	Host
* Ventura MU, Roberto SR, Hoshino AT, Carvalho MG, Hata FT, Genta W (2016) First record of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damaging table grape bunches. Florida Entomologist 98(2), 783-786. ------- Alternative host, pest damaged bunches. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Waltheria americana (WALAM)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Waltheria indica. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Xanthium orientale (XANOR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------- as Xanthium pensylvanicum. * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Likely host (reported as host in the literature but lacking evidence to consider it as main host – see PRA for further details on the host).
	Xerochrysum bracteatum (HECBR)	Host
* Kogan M, Helm CG, Kogan J, Brewer E (1989) Distribution and economic importance of Heliothis virescens and Heliothis zea in North, Central, and South America and of their Natural Enemies and Host Plants. pp 241-297 In Proceedings of the Workshop on Biological Control of Heliothis: Increasing the effectiveness of natural enemies. USDA. ------ as Helichrysum bracteatum * Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- common pest of strawflower * Hambleton EJ (1944) Heliothis virescens as a pest of cotton, with notes on host plants in Peru. Journal of Economic Entomology 37, 660-666. ------- causing damage * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Zinnia sp. (ZIISS)	Host
* Capinera JL (2001) Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) EENY-219 (latest revision Dec. 2018). Featured Creatures. University of Florida. https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/field/tobacco_budworm.htm ------- common pest of zinnia * EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Main host (evidence that the plant supports populations of the pest in several generations or years, i.e. true hosts, or plant mentioned as common or preferred host – see PRA for further details on the host)
	Pinus radiata (PIURA)	Doubtful host
* EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Doubtful host. See details in Annex 6 of the PRA.
	Sorghum bicolor (SORVU)	Doubtful host
* EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Doubtful host. See details in Annex 6 of the PRA.
	Zea mays (ZEAMX)	Doubtful host
* EPPO (2024) EPPO Technical Document No. 1091. Pest risk analysis for Chloridea virescens. EPPO, Paris. Available at https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HELIVI/documents ------- Doubtful host. See details in Annex 6 of the PRA.

Chloridea virescens(HELIVI)

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